Ontario Teachers' Manuals: Nature StudyOntario. Department of Education
Science
Ontario Teachers' Manuals: Nature Study
Ontario. Department of Education
Nature study; Science -- Study and teaching (Elementary) -- Ontario
The seeds for the garden should be purchased quite early in the spring.
As the planting of poor seed is often the cause of much disappointment,
it is well to test the germinating power of the different varieties to
be planted. The pupils of this Form should test especially those
varieties which they have chosen. To do this, place about twenty-five
seeds in a germinating dish, which may be made as follows: Take a deep
plate, such as a soup plate, fill it about half full of moist sand, and
spread over this a piece of moist cloth. Put the seeds upon this cloth
and cover them with a second piece of damp cloth or moss. To prevent
drying out invert over it another plate and set all in a warm dry place
(about 70 to 80 degrees F.). After a few days count the number of seeds
that have germinated. This will be a guide in planting as to how thick
the seed should be sown.
The pupils should watch the development of germinating grains, such as
corn and beans, germinated in the same way as in the last exercise. The
following points may be observed:
1. The first change noticed. (Swelling of the seed)
2. The appearance of a growing shoot and its direction. (Root)
3. The second shoot and its direction. (Stem)
4. The appearance of the first pair of leaves.
5. The appearance of root-hairs and rootlets.
6. What becomes of the main body of the seed.
7. How the second pair of leaves differs from the first pair.
8. Length of time required to produce the first pair of leaves.
Pupils may be taught the conditions that are necessary for the
germination of seeds by means of a few simple experiments which can be
carried on in the school-room.
1. In February, plant a few seeds of the pea, or oat, or wheat, in a box
of soil, and place the box outside the school window.
2. In April, plant a few seeds similar to those used in No. 1, in a box
of perfectly dry soil, and set the box inside the school window.
3. Plant a few seeds similar to those used in No. 1, in a jar containing
soil that is kept very wet, and set the jar in the school window.
4. Plant a few seeds, similar to those used in No. 1. in a box
containing soil that is moist but not wet, and set the box in the school
window.
5. Plant seeds as in No. 4, except that the box is kept in a dark
cupboard.
Compare the results of the above with reference to:
1. The number of seeds that germinate.
2. The growth and condition of the plants.
Form conclusions with reference to:
1. The conditions that are required for seed germination.
2. The benefits of well-drained soil.
Pupils make drawings showing the boxes and plants.
PLANTS FOR INDIVIDUAL PLOTS
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