Ontario Teachers' Manuals: Nature StudyOntario. Department of Education
Science
Ontario Teachers' Manuals: Nature Study
Ontario. Department of Education
Nature study; Science -- Study and teaching (Elementary) -- Ontario
The pupils of this Form should not attempt to grow more than two
varieties of flowers and two of vegetables. Of flowers, mixed asters and
Shirley poppy are to be recommended, the poppy being an early blooming
flower and the aster late blooming. Carrots and radishes are desirable
vegetables, as the carrot matures late and the radish early. Two or
three crops of radishes may be grown on the same ground in one season.
Besides these, a few others should be chosen for special study, such as
the potato, onion, corn, and sunflower.
STUDIES BASED ON OBSERVATIONS OF GROWING PLANTS
Attention should be given to the growing habits of plants, the size and
rate of development, the method of multiplying and propagation, and the
part used for food. The potato is a tuber which is nothing more than
the swollen end of an underground stem; the onion a bulb composed of the
bases of thickened leaves; the corn an example of a jointed stem or
grass having two kinds of flowers, the tassels being the staminate
flowers and the cob with its silk the pistillate ones; the sunflower an
example of a compound flower made up of many little flowers each of
which produces a single seed.
Observations should also be made upon the progress in germination of the
nuts and other tree seeds collected in the fall. When the seeds fall
from the elms and soft maples in the spring, some of them should be
collected and planted in the forestry plot, or nursery.
PLANTING AND CARE OF SWEET-PEAS
1. Sow as early as possible in spring.
2. Sow on well-drained land and never in the shade or near grass. Grass
roots rob the sweet-pea roots of water.
3. Use a small amount of fertilizer--well-rotted manure spaded deeply
into the soil. This is best done in the autumn.
4. Make the trench in the fall about five or six inches deep.
5. Plant in a trench in April from half an inch to an inch apart.
6. Cover from three inches to four inches deep.
7. Water thoroughly once or twice a week, and have the soil lower along
the row than farther out, so as to hold the water.
8. Put a mulch of lawn clippings along the row on each side to prevent
drying out.
WILD FLOWERS
Arrange an excursion to the woods when the spring flowers are in bloom.
Keep a flower calendar, showing:
1. The date when a plant was first found in bloom
2. The name of the plant
3. Place where found
4. Name of the pupil who found it.
When in the woods discuss the following points:
1. Why these wild flowers come into bloom so early in spring. They have
a large supply of food stored up from the previous summer.
2. Dig down with a trowel or heavy knife and find this storehouse of
food. It may be in the form of bulb, corm, or rhizome.
3. The blooming of the spring flowers in the woods before the leaves of
the trees reach their full development, thus taking advantage of the
sunlight.
4. Mark a few clumps or individual plants and visit them again after a
month. Look for the growing fruit with its seeds.
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