Ontology, or the Theory of BeingCoffey, P. (Peter)
Philosophy
Ontology, or the Theory of Being
Coffey, P. (Peter)
Ontology
These paragraphs will have shown with sufficient clearness why we
should regard being not as an univocal but as an analogical
concept, when referred to God and creatures, or to substance and
accident. For the rest, the divergence between the Scotist and the
Thomist views is not very important, because Scotists also will
deny that being is a genus of which the infinite and the finite
would be species; finite and infinite are not _differentiae_
superadded to being, inasmuch as each of these differs _by its
whole reality_, and not merely by a determining portion, from the
other; it is owing to the limitations of our abstractive way of
understanding reality that we have to conceive the infinite by
first conceiving being in the abstract, and then mentally
determining this concept by another, namely, by the concept of
“infinite mode of being”(62); the infinite, and whatever
perfections we predicate formally of the infinite, transcend all
_genera_, _species_ and _differentiae_, because the distinction of
being into infinite and finite is prior to the distinction into
genera, species and differentiae; this latter distinction applying
only to finite, not to infinite being.(63)
The observations we have just been making in regard to the analogy of
being are of greater importance than the beginner can be expected to
realize. A proper appreciation of the way in which being or reality is
conceived by the mind to appertain to the data of our experience, is
indispensable to the defence of Theism as against Agnosticism and
Pantheism.
3. REAL BEING AND LOGICAL BEING.—We may next illustrate the notion of
being by approaching it from another standpoint—by examining a fundamental
distinction which may be drawn between _real being_ (_ens reale_) and
_logical being_ (_ens rationis_).
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