Boers’ strong defences--Attitude of the races--The Afrikander Bond--Armed strength of races--England’s preparation--Importance of Delagoa Bay. XI.--AMERICAN INTERESTS IN SOUTH AFRICA American influence--Exports and imports--Leaders of the American colony--American machinery--Prominent part Americans have taken in the development of the country. XII.--JOHANNESBURG OF TO-DAY Approach to the city--Description of the city--Its characteristics--Its inhabitants. [Illustration: Map of South Africa] LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS President Kruger on the piazza of the Executive Mansion, Pretoria . . . . _Frontispiece_ A band of Zulu warriors in war costume Majuba Hill, where one hundred and fifty Boer volunteers defeated six hundred British soldiers Kirk Street, Pretoria, with the State Church in the distance The Rt. Hon. Cecil J. Rhodes on the piazza of his residence, Groote Schuur, at Rondebosch, near Cape Town Cape Colony Government House, at Cape Town Cape Town and Table Mountain Zulu maidens shaking hands Map of South Africa OOM PAUL’S PEOPLE CHAPTER I SOUTH AFRICA OF THE PRESENT TIME The population of South Africa may be divided into three great classes of individuals: First, those who are only waiting for the time when they will be able to leave the country--the Uitlanders; second, those who hope that that time may speedily come--the native-born whites; and, third, those who have no hope at all--the negroes. The white population, south of the Zambezi River, is almost as large as the population of the city of Philadelphia. Half of the population is Boer, or of Dutch extraction, while the remainder consists of the other Afrikanders and the Uitlanders. The Afrikander class comprises those persons who were born in the country but of European descent, while the Uitlanders are the foreigners who are, for the most part, only temporary residents. The negro population is estimated at five millions, divided into many tribes and scattered over many thousand miles of territory, but united in the common cause of subdued hostility toward the whites. The discovery and first settlement of South Africa were made about the same time that America was being won from the Indians; but, instead of having a people that united in the one object of making a great and influential nation, South Africa is rent asunder by political intrigue, racial antagonism, and internal jealousies and strife. The Dutch and Boers have their mutual enemies, the Uitlanders; the Cape Colonists are unfriendly with the Natalians, yet unite to a great extent in opposing the Dutch and Boers; while all are the common enemy of the black race.