Produced by Jeannie Howse and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images generously made available by The Internet Archive/American Libraries.) OPERATIONS UPON THE SEA OPERATIONS UPON THE SEA A STUDY BY FREIHERR VON EDELSHEIM IN THE SERVICE OF THE GERMAN GENERAL STAFF IN 1901 TRANSLATED FROM THE GERMAN NEW YORK THE OUTDOOR PRESS 1914 Copyright, 1914, by THE OUTDOOR PRESS Published November, 1914 VAIL-BALLOU COMPANY BINGHAMTON AND NEW YORK FOREWORD This book is of especial importance at this time, for if Germany is to reach the degree of advantage which her military preparedness seemed to prophesy, it is plain that her navy must become increasingly active, and play a far different role than that it has assumed in the early stages of the war. Covering this phase of the German operations the present volume must appeal as forecasting movements strictly within the bounds of actuality. A literal translation is all that has been attempted, with absolutely no embellishment to make it "popular" or easy reading. With characteristic bluntness this German officer brushes aside non-essentials and goes to the main point in daring fashion. For that very reason it is exceedingly pertinent to present-day discussions. Issued as a military study in Germany, semi-official in nature, to characterize it mildly, the material herein published for the first time in English reveals the theories of at least a portion of the military arm of the German Government, which it is only fair to state may not represent the convictions of the German people. Americans, as neutral but extremely interested observers of happenings of the moment, cannot be blamed, however, for making note of revelations that may come from either side in the conflict. Beyond that, there are evidences on every hand that the patriotic citizens of this country are waking to the necessity to face more securely the difficulties a peace-loving nation may meet because of its lack of enthusiasm for war. THE PUBLISHERS. PREFACE The purpose of this book is to estimate the value of operation over the sea as demonstrated in modern warfare, to point out the most important factors in its accomplishment, to describe the powerful expedients provided by Germany for such an enterprise, and to broaden the sphere of studying these important questions of interest to our Fatherland. THE AUTHOR. CONTENTS PAGE INTRODUCTION 13 THEORETICAL VIEWS 17 I PRINCIPLES OF OPERATIONS OVER THE SEA 19 II ACCOMPLISHMENT OF SEA TRANSPORTATION 27 PREPARATIONS DURING PEACE 27