Oppressions of the Sixteenth Century in the Islands of Orkney and Zetland: From Original Documents
History
Oppressions of the Sixteenth Century in the Islands of Orkney and Zetland: From Original Documents
Orkney (Scotland) -- History; Shetland (Scotland) -- History
The ODALSJORD consisted of the TUN or _Town-land_ with its BOL (_Head
Bull_ or principal farm), enclosed by its TUN-GARDR (_hill dyke_), which
separated its GARTH (_Infield_) from its SŒTTUR or HAGI (_out pasture_
or _hill_). Every enclosure from the Sœttur became a QUI (_Quoy_), which
if encircled by an extension of the _Tun-gardr_, became a _Tumale_, or
if again abandoned to pasture, became a _Toft_. It is doubtful if these
later additions, the _Quoy_, _Tumale_ and _Toft_, enjoyed at any time
the same Odal immunities as the original possessions—the _Tun_, _Bol_
and _Garth_; but there is not a doubt that the first Odaller occupied
the _Tun_ and used the _Sœttur_ by the same Odal title, unwritten,
unburdened, inalienable, and divisible equally among the Odal-born. In
this division each _Garth_ or _Quoy_ might become the _Head Bull_ of a
new Odal, with the same Odal-ræd, a share of the Infield, and a
proportionate right to the common _Hagi_ or _Sœttur_, in which every
intruder paid to the _Tun_ a HAGA-LEYFI for leave to pasture. The union
of several towns constituted a HREPP or _Tribe_, with its local Court or
HREPPA-STEFN, the members being bound together as HREPPSMEN or
SKATTBRÆDER, sharing together the pasture of the MOAR or SKATT-HALD, and
the TOLL-BER-SKATT exacted from strangers; and a combination of such
_Hrepps_ or _Skat-halds_ formed a HERAD or THING, which in time became a
PARISH. But equal and independent as they were, each secondary Odal
retained a Suffragan regard for the primal Odalsjord, which gave name to
the _Tun_, _Hrepp_ or _Scat-hald_, and the Odaller of the _Garth_ or
_Quoy_ respected and acknowledged in the Odaller of the _Bol_ or _Bu_,
the HOFDING or Chief of the HREPP and SKAT-BRETHREN, as naturally as the
Tacksman and Bol-man felt their inferiority to both.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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