Opticks : $b or, A treatise of the reflections, refractions, inflections and colours of lightNewton, Isaac
Science
Opticks : $b or, A treatise of the reflections, refractions, inflections and colours of light
Newton, Isaac
Optics -- Early works to 1800
This appears by several Considerations. First, Because when Light goes
out of Glass into Air, as obliquely as it can possibly do. If its
Incidence be made still more oblique, it becomes totally reflected. For
the power of the Glass after it has refracted the Light as obliquely as
is possible, if the Incidence be still made more oblique, becomes too
strong to let any of its Rays go through, and by consequence causes
total Reflexions. Secondly, Because Light is alternately reflected and
transmitted by thin Plates of Glass for many Successions, accordingly as
the thickness of the Plate increases in an arithmetical Progression. For
here the thickness of the Glass determines whether that Power by which
Glass acts upon Light shall cause it to be reflected, or suffer it to
be transmitted. And, Thirdly, because those Surfaces of transparent
Bodies which have the greatest refracting power, reflect the greatest
quantity of Light, as was shewn in the first Proposition.
PROP. X.
_If Light be swifter in Bodies than in Vacuo, in the proportion of the
Sines which measure the Refraction of the Bodies, the Forces of the
Bodies to reflect and refract Light, are very nearly proportional to the
densities of the same Bodies; excepting that unctuous and sulphureous
Bodies refract more than others of this same density._
[Illustration: FIG. 8.]
Let AB represent the refracting plane Surface of any Body, and IC a Ray
incident very obliquely upon the Body in C, so that the Angle ACI may be
infinitely little, and let CR be the refracted Ray. From a given Point B
perpendicular to the refracting Surface erect BR meeting with the
refracting Ray CR in R, and if CR represent the Motion of the refracted
Ray, and this Motion be distinguish'd into two Motions CB and BR,
whereof CB is parallel to the refracting Plane, and BR perpendicular to
it: CB shall represent the Motion of the incident Ray, and BR the
Motion generated by the Refraction, as Opticians have of late explain'd.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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