Cavalry, like Infantry, was once of many different natures--“Light,” “Heavy,” Hussars, Dragoons, Lancers, etc. These names still survive in the armies of Europe, but the regiments so designated now form practically only one sort of Cavalry, and are all trained for identical action in war, although they still bear their historic names and uniforms, and keep up the old rivalry of their corps traditions. The formations of Cavalry are the _Troop_, the _Squadron_, the _Regiment_, and the _Brigade_. THE SQUADRON The Tactical Unit of Cavalry has since the seventeenth century been the _Squadron_ of about 150 men. Its strength in different armies now varies between 130 and 180 men. The Squadron is divided into four _Troops_, each of which is commanded by a Lieutenant. The Squadron leader is a Major or a Captain. The British Squadron has both these officers, and four Lieutenants. THE CAVALRY REGIMENT The Regiment is the permanent and administrative Cavalry Unit, and like the regiment of Infantry, has its special title or number, its own history and esprit de corps, and its band. The number of Squadrons in a Regiment varies in different armies, there being generally four, but five in the Italian and Japanese, and six in the Austrian and Russian Services. There are three in the British Cavalry at home, but four in the Yeomanry and also in India. The Regiment thus forms a body of from 500 to 900 men, and is commanded by a Colonel, or a Lieutenant-Colonel, with an Adjutant as Staff Officer, besides a small Administrative Staff. THE CAVALRY BRIGADE The Brigade is formed in most armies of two Regiments, but in the British, American, and Swiss armies of three--a superior form of organization for Command, as shown in Chapter I., and one probably better suited for the tactics of Cavalry. The Brigade is commanded by a Brigadier-General, with a Staff Officer (or Brigade Major). 3. ARTILLERY Artillery is of many descriptions, differing in the guns they use, and their functions in war. Only that brought into the field with an army, as distinguished from Siege, Fortress, and Coast Artillery, will be here described. It may be divided into _Field Artillery_, _Heavy Artillery_, and _Mountain Artillery_. FIELD ARTILLERY Field Artillery in the most general sense means the Mounted Branch of the Arm, which possesses mobility, so as to accompany the other Arms. Its personnel does not march on foot, so that the guns can move at a pace beyond the walk, when desired. It comprises _Field Artillery_ proper, or that armed with the Field Gun (or Field Howitzer) and _Horse Artillery_. _Field Guns_ form the larger portion of all Artillery in the field. They fire mainly shrapnel, or shell containing small round bullets which are very effective against the enemy’s men and horses, but useless against material objects. In foreign armies they have therefore a small amount of shell filled with high explosive, in addition to the shrapnel.