unity of the spirit in a bond of love. (3) _A Population Changing Socially._ A serious problem often arises, not from a decline but from a change in the social condition of the population within the sphere of the church. The downtown church may have been forsaken by its former members, but people of another class, and in greater numbers, have taken their places. The mansions have become boarding houses, flats and apartment houses have arisen, while the thronged sidewalks, and the children playing in the streets, are evidence that the material for members of the church and the Sunday school is greater than before. True, the new inhabitants are of a different social order from the old, clerks and porters instead of merchants, employees instead of employers, working people in place of the leisure class. The fact that the social level of the neighborhood may be regarded by the worldly-minded as lower than formerly does not lessen its need of the gospel, nor render it less promising for Christian work. The church should look upon its field with unprejudiced eyes, should have an understanding of the time; should be alert to see and to seize its opportunity; and should change its methods with its changed constituency. The field must not be abandoned; it must be cultivated, and new forms of tillage will bring forth abundant harvests. (4) _An Alien Population._ The most perplexing of all social problems arises when immigration has swept into the district surrounding the church a tide of people whose birth and speech are foreign, supplanting and in large measure driving out the native population. There are sections in our cities where the signs on the stores are all Bohemian, or Polish, or Yiddish; where an English-speaking church would remain absolutely empty, though thousands throng the streets. It may be that in such conditions gospel work under American methods can no longer be maintained; and a removal may be necessary. But even in the most unpromising fields this conclusion should not be hastily reached. We spend large sums in sending missionaries to the lands from which some strangers come; should we not embrace opportunities of evangelizing these at our own door? There are difficulties, but they are not nearly as insuperable as those in foreign fields. These foreign-born or foreign-descended children sit beside our own in the public school; should we shut them out from our Sunday schools? In less than a generation millions of these boys and girls will be as thoroughly American as our own children. When we consider the question of abandoning any field on account of its foreign population, let us widen our horizon of thought to embrace the future as well as the present, and then form our conclusion concerning the duty of the Sunday school to the community. 3. =Practical Suggestions.= A few hints, some of them already given, may summarize the practical side of the subject: