Malaga, uses the Arab word _fisfisat_, which he derives from the Persian _isfist_.[455] It will be seen that, if we are to trust to the common names, the origin of the plant would be either in Spain, Piedmont, or Persia. Fortunately botanists can furnish direct and possible proofs of the original home of the species. It has been found wild, with every appearance of an indigenous plant, in several provinces of Anatolia, to the south of the Caucasus, in several parts of Persia, in Afghanistan, in Beluchistan,[456] and in Kashmir.[457] In the south of Russia, a locality mentioned by some authors, it is perhaps the result of cultivation as well as in the south of Europe. The Greeks may, therefore, have introduced the plant from Asia Minor as well as from India, which extended from the north of Persia. This origin of the lucern, which is well established, makes me note as a singular fact that no Sanskrit name is known.[458] Clover and sainfoin have none either, which leads us to suppose that the Aryans had no artificial meadows. +Sainfoin+—_Hedysarum Onobrychis_, Linnæus; _Onobrychis sativa_, Lamarck. This leguminous plant, of which the usefulness in the dry and chalky soils of temperate regions is incontestable, has not been long in cultivation. The Greeks did not grow it, and their descendants have not introduced it into their agriculture to this day.[459] The plant called _Onobrychis_ by Dioscorides and Pliny, is _Onobrychis Caput-Galli_ of modern botanists,[460] a species wild in Greece and elsewhere, which is not cultivated. The sainfoin, or _lupinella_ of the Italians, was highly esteemed as fodder in the south of France in the time of Olivier de Serres,[461] that is to say, in the sixteenth century; but in Italy it was only in the eighteenth century that this cultivation spread, particularly in Tuscany.[462] Sainfoin is a herbaceous plant, which grows wild in the temperate parts of Europe, to the south of the Caucasus, round the Caspian Sea,[463] and even beyond Lake Baikal.[464] In the south of Europe it grows only on the hills. Gussone does not reckon it among the wild species of Sicily, nor Moris among those of Sardinia, nor Munby among those of Algeria. No Sanskrit, Persian, or Arabic names are known. Everything tends to show that the cultivation of this plant originated in the south of France as late perhaps as the fifteenth century. +French Honeysuckle+, or +Spanish Sainfoin+—_Hedysarum coronarium_, Linnæus.