The cultivation of this leguminous plant, akin to the sainfoin, and of which a good illustration may be found in the _Flora des Serres et des Jardins_, vol. xiii. pl. 1382, has been diffused in modern times through Italy, Sicily, Malta, and the Balearic Isles.[465] Marquis Grimaldi, who first pointed it out to cultivators in 1766, had seen it at Seminara, in Lower Calabria; De Gasparin[466] recommends it for Algeria, and it is probable that cultivators under similar conditions in Australia, at the Cape, in South America or Mexico, would do well to try it. In the neighbourhood of Orange, in Algeria, the plant did not survive the cold of 6° centigrade. _Hedysarum coronarium_ grows in Italy from Genoa to Sicily and Sardinia,[467] in the south of Spain[468] and in Algeria,[469] where it is rare. It is, therefore, a species of limited geographical area. +Purple Clover+—_Trifolium pratense_, Linnæus. Clover was not cultivated in ancient times, although the plant was doubtless known to nearly all the peoples of Europe and of temperate Western Asia. Its use was first introduced into Flanders in the sixteenth century, perhaps even earlier, and, according to Schwerz, the Protestants expelled by the Spaniards carried it into Germany, where they established themselves under the protection of the Elector Palatine. It was also from Flanders that the English received it in 1633, through the influence of Weston, Earl of Portland, then Lord Chancellor.[470] _Trifolium pratense_ is wild throughout Europe, in Algeria,[471] on the mountains of Anatolia, in Armenia, and in Turkestan,[472] in Siberia towards the Altaï Mountains,[473] and in Kashmir and Garwhall.[474] The species existed, therefore, in Asia, in the land of the Aryan nations; but no Sanskrit name is known, whence it may be inferred that it was not cultivated. +Crimson+ or +Italian Clover+—_Trifolium incarnatum_, Linnæus. An annual plant grown for fodder, whose cultivation, says Vilmorin, long confined to a few of the southern departments, becomes every day more common in France.[475] De Candolle, at the beginning of the present century, had only seen it in the department of Ariège.[476] It has existed for about sixty years in the neighbourhood of Geneva. Targioni does not think that it is of ancient date in Italy,[477] and the trivial name _trafoglio_ strengthens his opinion. The Catalan _fé_, _fench_,[478] and, in the patois of the south of France,[479] _farradje_ (Roussillon), _farratage_ (Languedoc), _feroutgé_ (Gascony), whence the French name _farouch_, have, on the other hand, an original character, which indicates an ancient cultivation round the Pyrenees. The term which is sometimes used, “clover of Roussillon,” also shows this.