Transcriber’s Note Text enclosed by underscores is in italics (_italics_). Text enclosed by equal signs is in bold face (=bold=). Changes that have been made are listed at the end of the book. [Illustration: PHYSICAL MAP OF SHETLAND] [Illustration: PHYSICAL MAP OF ORKNEY] Parishes in Shetland: 1 _Unst_ 2 _Fetlar_ 3 _Yell_ 4 _Northmavine_ 5 _Delting_ 6 _Walls_ 7 _Sandsting_ 8 _Nesting_ 9 _Tingwall_ 10 _Lerwick_ 11 _Bressay_ 12 _Dunrossness_ Parishes in Orkney: 1 _Papa Westray_ 1b. _Westray & Papa Westray_ 2 _Cross & Burness_ 3 _Lady_ 4 _Stronsay_ 5 _Rowsay & Egilshay_ 6 _Evie & Rendall_ 7 _Harray & Birsay_ 8 _Sandwick_ 9 _Stromness_ 10 _Firth_ 11 _Orphir_ 12 _Kirkwall & St. Ola_ 13 _Shapinshay_ 14 _Deerness & St. Andrews_ 15 _Holm_ 16 _Hoy & Graemsay_ 17 _Walls & Flotta_ 18 _South Ronaldshay_ 19 _Stenness_ 20 _Eday & Pharay_ _The Cambridge University Press_ _Copyright. George Philip & Son L{td.}_ Cambridge County Geographies Scotland General Editor: W. Murison, M.A. ORKNEY AND SHETLAND Cambridge University Press London: Fetter Lane, E.C.4 C. F. Clay, Manager [Illustration] Bombay, Calcutta and Madras: Macmillan and Co., Ltd. Toronto: J. M. Dent & Sons, Ltd. Tokyo: Maruzen-Kabushiki-Kaisha Cambridge County Geographies ORKNEY AND SHETLAND by J. G. F. MOODIE HEDDLE and T. MAINLAND, F.E.I.S. Headmaster, Bressay Public School With Maps, Diagrams, and Illustrations Cambridge At the University Press 1920 Printed in Great Britain by Turnbull & Spears, Edinburgh CONTENTS ORKNEY PAGE 1. County and Shire 1 2. General Characteristics and Natural Conditions 2 3. Size. Situation. Boundaries 5 4. Streams and Lakes 8 5. Geology and Soil 10 6. Natural History 14 7. The Coast 26 8. Weather and Climate 30 9. The People—Race, Language, Population 35 10. Agriculture 37 11. Industries and Manufactures 39 12. Fisheries and Fishing Station 41 13. History of the County 43 14. Antiquities 59 15. Architecture—(_a_) Ecclesiastical 68 16. Architecture—(_b_) Castellated 74 17. Architecture—(_c_) Municipal and Domestic 79 18. Communications, Past and Present 83 19. Administration and Divisions 85 20. The Roll of Honour 86