Ornithological biography, Vol. 4 (of 5) : $b An account of the habits of the birds of the United States of AmericaAudubon, John James
Science
Ornithological biography, Vol. 4 (of 5) : $b An account of the habits of the birds of the United States of America
Audubon, John James
Birds -- North America
The young female in winter is similar to the adult, but with the upper
parts paler, the light-coloured patches on the head and neck more
dusky, and the lower parts of a less pure white.
Adult males, assuming the summer plumage, about April, present a
curious intermixture of the variously coloured feathers of the two
seasons.
In a male bird, the tongue is 1 inch and 5 twelfths long, papillate
at the base, fleshy, with two rows of bristles along the edges. There
are 35 lamellæ on each side of the upper, and about 40 on the lower
mandible. The œsophagus is 7-1/2 inches long, 7 twelfths in diameter at
the upper part, towards the lower parts of the neck dilated to 1 inch,
and continuing so to the end. The proventriculus is 1 inch 3 twelfths
long, its glandules cylindrical and 2 twelfths long. The stomach is
a very powerful gizzard, of a roundish form, 1-3/4 inch in length, 2
inches and 2 twelfths in breadth; its tendons large; the right muscle
10 twelfths, the left 11 twelfths in thickness. The cuticular lining
is thick, and slightly rugous; the grinding plates thicker and denser.
The contents of the stomach are small muscles and particles of quartz,
some of which are 3 twelfths in diameter. The intestine is 5 feet 6
inches long, its diameter nearly uniform, about 4 twelfths; the rectum
enlarged to 5 twelfths, its length 2-1/2 inches. Cœca 4-3/4 inches
long, 3 twelfths in diameter, their extremity rounded; the cloaca
globular, about 9 twelfths in diameter.
The trachea, moderately extended, measures 6 inches in length, its
breadth at the top 5 twelfths, about the middle 3-3/4 twelfths. The
number of ordinary rings is 72; at the lower part there are 6 expanded
rings which are broad posteriorly and on the sides, but extremely
narrow before; beyond this is a solid bony expansion of 7 united rings,
forming anteriorly a transversely oblong case, having a membrane in
front. The contractor muscles are very large, for two inches at the
top expanded over the fore part, sending off two cleido-tracheals, then
passing down along the edges of the six enlarged rings, and terminating
on the drum, where the sterno-tracheals come off.
BLUE-WINGED TEAL.
_ANAS DISCORS_, LINN.
PLATE CCCXIII. MALE AND FEMALE.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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