Length to end of tail 23 inches, to end of wings 15, to end of claws 17; extent of wings 29-1/2; wing from flexure 9-1/2; middle tail-feathers 10, lateral tail-feathers 2-1/2; bill along the ridge 1-2/12, along the edge of lower mandible 1-8/12; tarsus 1-2/12; outer toe and claw 2-3/12, middle toe and claw 1-2/12, hind toe and claw (7-1/2)/12. Female in summer. Plate CCCXII. Fig. 3. The female is somewhat less than the male, and differs not only in colour, but in the scapulars, which are not elongated, and in the tail, which is short and rounded. The bill and feet are dusky green, the iris yellow. The head is dark greyish-brown, with a patch of greyish-white surrounding the eye, but not extending to the bill; there is a larger patch of the same colour on the side of the neck, the hind part of which is similar to the head, the fore part greyish-brown, the feathers broadly margined with whitish. All the upper parts are of a dark greyish-brown, the two lateral tail-feathers edged with white; the lower parts white, the feathers under the wings slightly tinged with grey. Length to end of tail 15-3/4 inches, to end of wings 14-1/2, to end of claws 16-5/8; extent of wings 26-1/2; wing from flexure 8; middle tail-feathers 2-9/12, lateral 2-1/4; bill along the ridge 1-2/12, along the edge of lower mandible 1-5/12. Adult male in winter. Plate CCCXII. Fig. 2. The outer half of the bill rich orange-yellow, that colour extending to the base along the ridge, the unguis and the basal half black, as well as the unguis and edges of the lower mandible. The head, neck, the fore part of back and scapulars, white; the space about the eye pale greyish-red, and a large oblong patch of chocolate brown on the side of the neck. The upper parts, including the four middle tail-feathers, are brownish-black, but the secondary quills tinged with reddish-brown, and having paler margins. The anterior half of the breast chocolate brown, the rest of the lower parts and the four lateral tail-feathers white. Unfledged young. Plate CCCXII. The young when newly excluded are covered with stiffish down. Bill and feet greenish-dusky; the upper parts chocolate-brown; a small spot of white under the eye; throat and lower parts whitish, as well as an oblong patch on the cheeks. The young male in winter, that is, after its first moult, has the bill and legs dusky green. The head and half of the neck are whitish; the upper part of the former and a patch on the side of the latter mottled with brownish-black and chocolate. The upper parts brownish-black, variegated with brownish-red, the still unelongated scapulars chiefly of the latter colour. A broad undefined belt of reddish-brown over the lower fore part of the neck; the rest of the lower parts greyish-white. Length to end of tail 22 inches; extent of wings 29.