Ornithological biography, Vol. 4 (of 5) : $b An account of the habits of the birds of the United States of AmericaAudubon, John James
Science
Ornithological biography, Vol. 4 (of 5) : $b An account of the habits of the birds of the United States of America
Audubon, John James
Birds -- North America
Head of moderate size, oblong, compressed. Neck of moderate length,
rather slender. Body full, depressed. Feet short, placed rather far
back; tarsus short, compressed, at its lower part anteriorly with two
series of scutella, the rest covered with reticulated angular scales.
Toes with numerous scutella above; first toe very small and with a
narrow membrane beneath; third longest, fourth about a quarter of an
inch shorter; the anterior toes united by reticulated webs, of which
the outer is deeply sinuate; claws small, curved, compressed, acute,
the hind one smaller and more curved, that of the third toe largest,
and with the inner margin sharp.
Plumage dense, soft, and blended. Feathers of the head and neck, very
small and slender, of the back and lower parts in general broad and
rounded. Wings of moderate length, rather narrow and acute; primaries
strong, slightly curved, tapering, the first scarcely longer than
the second, the rest rapidly decreasing; secondaries broad, the
outer obliquely rounded, the inner elongated and acuminate, as are
the scapulars. Tail short, rounded and acuminate, of fourteen rather
narrow, acuminate feathers.
Bill bluish-black. Iris dark hazel. Feet dull yellow, webs dusky,
claws brownish-black, with the tips greyish-yellow. Upper part of the
head black; a semilunar patch of pure white on the side of the head
before the eye, margined before and behind with black. The rest of the
head, and the anterior parts of the neck of a deep purplish-blue, with
purplish-red reflections; the lower hind neck and fore part of back,
brownish-black, glossed with green, each feather with a curved band
of pale reddish-buff, and a line or band of the same in the centre;
the hind part of the back greenish-brown, the feathers edged with
paler. The smaller wing-coverts of a rich ultramarine blue, silky with
almost metallic lustre. Alula, primary coverts, and primary quills,
greyish-brown, edged with pale bluish; outer secondaries of the
same colour, those of the speculum duck-green, changing to blue and
bronze, with a narrow line of white along their terminal margin; the
inner greenish-black on the outer web, greenish-brown on the inner,
with a central line and narrow external margin of pale reddish buff,
the more elongated scapulars similar, but some of them margined with
greenish-blue. Secondary coverts brown, with their terminal portion
white. Tail-feathers chocolate brown, slightly glossed with green,
their margins buffy. The lower parts are pale reddish-orange, shaded
on the breast with purplish-red, and thickly spotted with black, the
number of roundish or elliptical spots on each feather varying from ten
to twenty-five, those on the upper and hind parts of the sides running
into transverse bars. Axillar feathers, some of the lower wing-coverts,
and a patch on the side of the rump pure white; lower tail-coverts
brownish-black.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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