Ornithological biography, Vol. 4 (of 5) : $b An account of the habits of the birds of the United States of AmericaAudubon, John James
Science
Ornithological biography, Vol. 4 (of 5) : $b An account of the habits of the birds of the United States of America
Audubon, John James
Birds -- North America
There is a bare space at the base of the upper mandible, including
the eye; the skin of the throat is bare and dilated, like that of the
Cormorants. The plumage of the head, neck, and body, is close, blended,
and of a silky texture; the feathers oblong, rounded, with the filament
disunited toward the end. On each side of the neck, from near the eye
to half its length, is a series of elongated narrow loose feathers, a
few of which are also dispersed over the back of the neck, and which in
the breeding season are an inch and a quarter in length. The scapulars,
which are very numerous, are elongated, lanceolate, tapering to a
point, compact, stiffish, elastic, highly glossed, gradually increasing
in size backwards, the outer web of the largest, crimped. Wings of
moderate length and breadth; primaries strong, firm, considerably
curved, the third longest, the second almost as long, the first a
little shorter than the fourth; the second, third, and fourth cut out
on the outer web. Secondaries a little decurved, broad, rounded and
acuminate; the inner elongated, straightish, acuminate, and resembling
the posterior scapulars. Tail very long, narrow, of twelve straight
feathers having strong shafts, and increasing in breadth from the base
to the end, which is rounded and very broad, the two middle feathers
have their outer webs curiously marked with transverse alternate ridges
and depressions.
Upper mandible dusky olive, the edges yellow; lower mandible bright
yellow, the edges and tips greenish; bare space about the eye
bluish-green; gular sac bright orange. Iris bright carmine. Tarsi and
toes anteriorly dusky olive, the hind parts and webs yellow; claws
brownish-black. The general colour of the head, neck, and body, is
glossy blackish-green; of the scapulars, wings, and tail, glossy
bluish-black. The long loose feathers on the neck are purplish-white
or pale lilac. The lower part of the neck behind is marked with very
numerous minute oblong spots of white; which form two broad bands
extending backwards, and gradually becoming more elongated, there
being one along the centre of each feather including the scapulars.
The smaller wing-coverts are similarly marked with broader white spots
disposed in regular rows; the four last of which have merely a central
line towards the tip, while the inner has a broad band extending from
near the base over the outer half of the inner web, and towards the end
including a portion of the outer web; the first row of small coverts,
and the secondary coverts are white excepting the portion of the inner
web. The five inner elongated secondaries are marked with a narrow
white band, occupying the inner half of the outer web, from about an
inch from their base to the extremity, near which it includes a part
of the inner web. The tail-feathers tipped with a band of brownish-red,
fading into white.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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