Ornithological biography, Vol. 4 (of 5) : $b An account of the habits of the birds of the United States of AmericaAudubon, John James
Science
Ornithological biography, Vol. 4 (of 5) : $b An account of the habits of the birds of the United States of America
Audubon, John James
Birds -- North America
Bill more than twice the length of the head, very slender, much
depressed, tapering to a point, and _slightly_ recurved. Upper
mandible, with the dorsal line straight for half its length, then a
little curved upwards, and at the tip slightly decurved, the ridge
broad and flattened, the edges rather thick, the nasal groove rather
long and very narrow. Nostrils linear, basal, pervious. Lower mandible
with the angle long and very narrow, the dorsal line slightly curved
upwards, the point very slender, extremely thin and a little curved
upwards.
Head small, rounded above, rather compressed. Neck long. Body compact,
ovate. Legs very long, slender; tibia elongated, bare for half its
length, and reticulated; tarsus very long, compressed, reticulated with
hexagonal scales; toes rather short, the first extremely small; outer
toe a little longer than inner; the anterior toes connected by webs of
which the anterior margin is deeply concave, the lateral toes thickly
margined. Claws very small, compressed, rather blunt.
Plumage soft and blended. Wings long, of moderate breadth, pointed;
primaries straightish, tapering, the first longest, the rest rapidly
graduated; secondaries broad, incurved, the outer rounded, the rest
becoming pointed, the inner elongated and tapering. Tail short, even,
of twelve rather narrow, rounded feathers.
Bill black. Iris bright carmine. Feet light blue, webs flesh-coloured
towards their edges, claws black. Head, neck, and fore part of breast,
reddish-buff, the parts around the base of the bill and the eye,
nearly white. The back is white; but on its fore part is a longitudinal
band of brownish-black elongated feathers on each side, and the inner
scapulars are of the same colour, the outer and the anterior edge of
the wing being white. The wing brownish-black, with a broad band of
white formed by the tips of the secondary coverts, four of the inner
secondaries, and the basal part, with the inner webs and outer edges of
the rest. The under parts white, excepting some of the primary quills
and some of their coverts, which are greyish-brown.
Length to end of tail 18 inches, to end of wings 18-1/2, to end of
claws 23-1/2 extent of wings 30-5/8; wing from flexure 9-1/2; tail
3-1/2; bill along the ridge 3-3/4; bare part of the tibia 2-3/12;
tarsus 3-5/8; hind toe and claw 3/12; middle toe and claw 1-10/12;
breadth of foot extended 2-5/8. Weight 16-3/4 oz.
The Female is similar to the male, but somewhat smaller.
Young in winter. Plate CCCXVIII. Fig. 2.
The young in winter is similar to the adult, but with the head and neck
white, the dark colours of a browner tint.
Length to end of tail 18 inches, to end of wings 18-1/2; extent of
wings 30-1/2. Weight 13 oz.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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