Ornithological biography, Vol. 4 (of 5) : $b An account of the habits of the birds of the United States of AmericaAudubon, John James
Science
Ornithological biography, Vol. 4 (of 5) : $b An account of the habits of the birds of the United States of America
Audubon, John James
Birds -- North America
Bill much shorter than the head, comparatively narrow, deeper than
broad at the base, gradually depressed towards the end, which is
rounded. Upper mandible with the dorsal line straight and sloping to
the middle, then nearly straight, at the end decurved; the ridge broad
and flat at the base, narrowed between the nostrils, convex towards
the end, the sides convex, the edges soft, with about thirty-five
lamellæ, the unguis oblong. Nostrils submedial, linear, pervious,
nearer the ridge than the margin. Lower mandible flat, ascending,
curved at the base, the angle long, rather narrow, the dorsal line very
slightly convex, the edges with about forty lamellæ, the unguis broadly
elliptical.
Head rather large, compressed. Eyes of moderate size. Neck short and
thick. Body compact, depressed. Feet very short, placed far back;
tarsus very short, compressed, having anteriorly in its whole length a
series of small scutella, and above the outer toe a few broad scales,
the rest covered with reticular angular scales. Hind toe very small,
with a free membrane beneath; anterior toes longer than the tarsus,
connected by reticulated membranes, having a sinus on their free
margins, the inner with a narrow lobed marginal membrane, the outer
with a thickened edge, the third and fourth about equal and longest,
all covered above with numerous narrow scutella. Claws small, slightly
arched, obtuse, that of first toe very small, of third largest, and
with an inner thin edge.
Plumage dense, soft and blended. Feathers on the fore part of the
head very small and rounded, on the upper and hind parts linear and
elongated, as they also are on the lateral and hind parts of the upper
neck, so that when raised, they give the head an extremely tumid
appearance, which is the more marked that the feathers of the neck
immediately beneath are short. Wings very small, decurved, pointed; the
outer primaries pointed, the first longest, the rest rapidly graduated;
the secondaries incurved, obliquely rounded, the inner much elongated
and acuminate. Tail short, graduated, of sixteen feathers.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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