Ornithological biography, Vol. 4 (of 5) : $b An account of the habits of the birds of the United States of AmericaAudubon, John James
Science
Ornithological biography, Vol. 4 (of 5) : $b An account of the habits of the birds of the United States of America
Audubon, John James
Birds -- North America
An adult Male killed near Boston. The cellular tissue of the back
exhibits vacuities of very large size, intervening between the skin and
the muscles: one, at the lower part of the neck behind, being 5 inches
in length; another 5-1/2 inches long, extending from the furcula down
the humerus; and behind the wings four others, extending to the last
rib. Branches from these pass between the muscles, which present the
appearance of having been as it were dissected. A cell of enormous size
covers the side of the abdomen, and another pair run down the middle
of it, separated by a partition in the median line. That part of the
cellular tissue which adheres to the bases of the feathers is also
remarkably loose; and, close to each of them, is a roundish aperture
of large size, communicating with the great cavities mentioned above.
Between the pectoralis major and the subjacent muscles is a large
interspace formed by a great cell. The internal thoracic and abdominal
cells are also very large.
On the roof of the mouth are five sharp ridges. The nasal aperture is
1 inch and 5 twelfths long, linear, with a soft longitudinal flap on
each side. The tongue is extremely small, being only 7 twelfths long,
1 twelfth broad, blunt at the extremity, and with two papillae at the
base. The bare skin between the crura of the mandibles is of the same
structure as that of the Pelicans and Cormorants, but of small extent,
its posterior acute extremity not extending farther than that at the
base of the bill. The aperture of the glottis is 7-1/2 twelfths long.
The thyroid bone has an anterior curved prolongation, which projects
forwards, and from the extremity of which comes the elastic ligament
by which it is connected with the hyoid bone. The œsophagus, _a_, _b_,
is 15 inches long, measured to the commencement of the proventriculus,
extremely dilated, its diameter 2-1/2 inches at the top, contracting
to 2 inches as it enters the thorax, its narrowest part 1 inch 4
twelfths; its transverse muscular fibres moderately strong. The
proventriculus, _c_, _d_, is excessively large, 3-1/2 inches long,
its greatest diameter 2-1/4 inches. The glandules are cylindrical,
3 twelfths long, forming a very broad belt, separated however at its
narrowest part by a longitudinal interval of 5 twelfths of an inch,
and having three partial divisions on its lower edge. The greatest
length of the proventriculus, or breadth of the belt of glandules, is
2-1/2 inches. The mucous coat of the œsophagus is smooth, but thrown
into longitudinal plicæ when contracted; that of the proventriculus is
continuous, and of the same nature, being marked with extremely minute
reticulated lines, of which the more prominent have a longitudinal
direction. The stomach, properly so called, _d e_, is extremely small,
being only 1 inch 9 twelfths long, and about the same breadth. Its
inner coat is similar to that of the œsophagus and proventriculus;
being destitute of epithelium; several large mucous crypts are
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