Ornithological biography, Vol. 4 (of 5) : $b An account of the habits of the birds of the United States of AmericaAudubon, John James
Science
Ornithological biography, Vol. 4 (of 5) : $b An account of the habits of the birds of the United States of America
Audubon, John James
Birds -- North America
The bill of a male measures 2 inches and 8 twelfths along the ridge,
the frontal angles 4 twelfths more; the breadth of the upper mandible
at the base is 8-1/2 twelfths, near the end 1 inch and 3 twelfths.
The roof of the mouth is broadly and deeply concave, with a prominent
median ridge, which becomes papillate towards the base; the edges
of the mandible soft, direct, inflected towards the end; lamellæ
projecting beyond the margins and tapering to a point. On each side of
the lower mandible are about 220 lamellæ, and about 180 on the upper.
The tongue is 2-3/4 inches long, deeply emarginate at the base, with
numerous papillæ, for half an inch narrow and compressed, then for an
inch expanded, with a thin longitudinal flap above on each side divided
into lamellæ and minute bristles, at its anterior part having a breadth
of 1 inch and terminating abruptly, but with a median thin semicircular
tip, which is 3 twelfths long.
The œsophagus is 8 inches and 10 twelfths long, 4-1/2 twelfths in
diameter, its walls thick. The proventriculus is oblong, 1 inch in
length; its glandules of moderate size. The stomach is a strong gizzard
of moderate size; the lateral muscles and their tendons large as in
all other ducks. The intestine is very long, measuring 8 feet, and very
narrow, its diameter being from 2 twelfths to 1-1/2 twelfth, for half
its length, after which it enlarges to 3-1/2 twelfths at the distance
of about 2 feet from the commencement of the rectum, then gradually
diminishes to 2 twelfths. The rectum is 3 inches 2 twelfths long, the
cœca 4 inches, their diameter for 1-1/4 inch 1-1/2 twelfth, afterwards
3-1/2 twelfths.
The trachea is 6 inches 9 twelfths long, very little flattened, its
diameter at the upper part 2-1/2 twelfths, gradually enlarging to 4
twelfths. On the left side of the inferior larynx there is a rounded
expansion of very moderate size compared with that observed in many
other ducks. The rings are 98; those at the lower part broader and much
stronger, but all of them ossified. The bronchial half rings about 35.
In another individual, the stomach is 1-1/2 inch long, 1-5/12 broad;
the right lateral muscle 6 twelfths thick. Contents, particles of
quartz, and fragments of shells. Intestine 11 feet 6 inches long; cœca
6-1/4 inches long; rectum 3-1/2 inches.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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