Ornithological biography, Vol. 4 (of 5) : $b An account of the habits of the birds of the United States of AmericaAudubon, John James
Science
Ornithological biography, Vol. 4 (of 5) : $b An account of the habits of the birds of the United States of America
Audubon, John James
Birds -- North America
Bill as long as the head, straight, somewhat compressed, stout. Upper
mandible with the dorsal line straight and slightly sloping for more
than half its length, then bulging a little and arched to the tip,
which is rather acute, the sides flat and sloping at the base, convex
towards the end, where the edges are sharp and inclinate. Nasal
groove extended to a little more than half the length of the mandible;
nostrils sub-basal, linear, open and pervious. Lower mandible with the
angle rather long and narrow, the sides at the base erect and nearly
flat, the dorsal line ascending and slightly convex, the edges sharp
and involute towards the narrow tip.
Head of moderate size, roundish, the forehead much rounded. Eyes large.
Neck rather short. Body ovate, rather full. Feet rather long, slender;
tibia bare for a considerable space; tarsus rather compressed, covered
all round with reticulated hexagonal scales; toes of moderate length,
slender; the first extremely diminutive, with an equally minute claw;
the second shorter than the fourth, which is much exceeded by the
third; the anterior toes are rather broadly marginate, the web between
the third and fourth extending to the second joint of the latter, that
between it and the second smaller. Claws small, compressed, slightly
arched, acute.
Plumage soft, blended, the feathers broad and rounded. Wings long
and pointed, primary quills tapering, the first longest, the second a
quarter of an inch shorter, the rest rapidly graduated; secondaries,
short, broad, obliquely rounded; the inner tapering and elongated. Tail
rather short, slightly rounded, of twelve rounded feathers.
Bill and claws black. Iris and feet greyish-black. Forehead
yellowish-white, the rest of the head and the hind neck greyish-white,
spotted with dusky. The upper parts are variegated with black,
yellowish-brown, and white, the feathers being tipped with the
latter. The hind part of the rump, the upper tail-coverts, and the
tail-feathers, white, transversely barred with brownish-black, the tail
tipped with white, and having four dark bars on the middle feathers,
and seven or eight on the outer webs of the rest. Alula, primary
coverts, and primary quills brownish-black, the coverts terminally
margined with white; shafts of the primaries about the middle, and
part of the inner web towards the base, white; the inner six with a
white patch on the outer web towards the base, and margined with white
externally; the outer secondary feathers white at the base and margined
with the same; the inner dusky, with marginal white triangular spots.
A narrow ring round the eye, and a broad longitudinal band on the side
of the neck white; loral space, cheeks, fore part of neck, breast, and
axillar feathers, black; the rest of the lower parts white, the lower
primary coverts grey towards the end.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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