Ornithological biography, Vol. 4 (of 5) : $b An account of the habits of the birds of the United States of AmericaAudubon, John James
Science
Ornithological biography, Vol. 4 (of 5) : $b An account of the habits of the birds of the United States of America
Audubon, John James
Birds -- North America
Length to end of tail 23-1/2 inches, to end of wings 25, to end of
loose feathers 30, to end of claws 30-1/4, to carpal joint 12-1/4;
extent of wings 43-1/2; bill along the ridge 2-7/8, along the edge of
lower mandible 4; width of gape 1-1/4; depth of bill at base 7-(1/2)/8;
wing from flexure 12-1/2; bare part of tibia 2-1/4; tarsus 4-1/8;
middle toe 2-1/2, its claw 3/8; outer toe 1-7/8, its claw (2-1/2)/8;
inner toe 1-3/4, its claw (2-1/2)/8; hind toe 1, its claw 5/8; tail 5.
Weight 1 lb. 9 oz.
The Female resembles the male, but is somewhat smaller.
The Young in October. Plate CCCXXXVI. Fig. 2.
Bill greenish-black, the lower and basal part of the lower mandible
greenish-yellow, as are the eyelids and bare space before the eye.
Iris pale orange. Legs and feet dull yellowish-green, the scutella
and scales in front, as well as the claws, dusky. Upper part of
head and hind neck, black, longitudinally marked with somewhat
triangular elongated white spots; sides of the head and neck pale
dull yellowish-brown, streaked with darker; the upper parts light grey
tinged with brown, the feathers edged with yellowish-white, and tipped
with a triangular spot of the same; the primaries and their coverts
with the tail darker, margined with dull white. The fore part of the
neck, and all the lower parts, dull yellowish-grey, each feather with
its central part dark greyish-brown; lower tail-coverts unspotted.
Length to end of tail 23-1/2, to end of claws 29-1/2; extent of wings
40. Weight 1 lb. 7 oz.
Adult Male from South Carolina.
The upper mandible is slightly concave, with a median prominent ridge,
the palate convex with two ridges; the posterior aperture of the
nares linear, with an oblique papillate flap on each side; the lower
mandible deeply concave. The tongue is of moderate length, measuring
1-3/4 inch, emarginate at the base, trigonal, flat above, tapering to
a point. The œsophagus, which is 12 inches long, gradually diminishes
in diameter from 1-1/2 inch to 1 inch. The proventriculus is 1-1/2
inch long, its glandules cylindrical, forming a complete belt, the
largest 3 twelfths long. The stomach is roundish, 2 inches in diameter,
compressed; its muscular coat thin, and composed of large fasciculi;
its tendinous spaces nearly 1 inch in diameter; its inner coat even,
soft, and destitute of epithelium. There is a small roundish pyloric
lobe, 4 twelfths in diameter; the aperture of the pylorus is extremely
small, having a diameter of only half a twelfth. The intestine is long
and very slender, 6 feet 3 inches in length, its diameter at the upper
part 3 twelfths; diminishing to 2-1/4 twelfths, for about a foot from
the extremity enlarged to 5 eighths; the rectum 6-1/4 inches long; the
cœcum 5 twelfths long, 1-1/2 twelfth in diameter at the base, tapering
to 1 twelfth, the extremity rounded. The stomach contained fragments of
crustacea.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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