Ornithological biography, Vol. 4 (of 5) : $b An account of the habits of the birds of the United States of AmericaAudubon, John James
Science
Ornithological biography, Vol. 4 (of 5) : $b An account of the habits of the birds of the United States of America
Audubon, John James
Birds -- North America
Head large, compressed. Eyes of moderate size. Neck short and thick.
Body compact, much depressed. Feet very short, placed far back; tarsus
very short, compressed, having anteriorly in its whole length a series
of small scutella, and above the outer toe a few broad scales, the
rest covered with reticular angular scales. Hind toe very small, with
a broad free membrane beneath; anterior toes longer than the tarsus,
connected by reticulated membranes, having a sinus on their free
margins, the inner with a narrow, lobed, marginal membrane, the outer
with a thickened edge, the third and fourth about equal and longest,
all covered above with numerous narrow scutella. Claws small, slightly
arched, compressed, obtuse, that of first toe very small, of third
largest, and with an inner thin edge.
Plumage dense, soft and blended; feathers on the fore part of the
head and cheeks very small and rounded, on the upper and hind parts,
linear and elongated, as they also are on the lateral and hind parts
of the upper neck, so that when raised they give the head a very tumid
appearance, which is the more marked that the feathers of the neck
beneath are short. Wings small, decurved, pointed; the outer primaries
pointed, the first generally longest, the second slightly shorter,
in some specimens a little longer, the rest rapidly graduated; the
secondaries incurved, obliquely rounded, the inner much elongated. Tail
short, graduated, of sixteen feathers.
Bill black. Iris bright yellow. Feet orange-yellow, webs dusky, claws
black. Head and upper part of neck deep green, changing to purple in
certain lights. Back, posterior scapulars, inner secondaries, edge of
wing, alula, primary coverts, primary quills, and four or five outer
secondaries, black,—the back being darker and glossy, the wing-feathers
tinged with brown. An elliptical patch between the base of the bill and
the eye, lower part of neck all round, sides of the body anteriorly,
the lower parts generally, the scapulars, excepting their margins,
which are black, a large patch on the wing, including many of the
smaller coverts, some of the secondary coverts, and six or seven of the
secondary quills, pure white. The basal part of the secondary coverts
black. Axillar feathers and lower wing-coverts dusky; the elongated
feathers of the sides have the inner, some of them also their outer
margins black, that colour in those of the innermost covering the whole
inner web. The feathers on the legs, and along the sides of the rump
dusky. The tail brownish-grey.
Length to end of tail 20 inches, to end of wings 17-1/2, to end of
claws 20-1/4; extent of wings 31-1/2; bill along the ridge 1-5/8,
from the angles 2, along the edge of lower mandible 2-3/12; wing from
flexure 9; tail 4-1/2; tarsus 1-5/12; hind toe (6-1/2)/12, its claw
(2-1/2)/12; second toe 1-9/12, its claw (3-1/2)/12; third toe 2-1/4,
its claw (4-1/2)/12; fourth toe 2-4/12, its claw 3/12. Weight 2 lb.
4-1/2 oz.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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