Ornithological biography, Vol. 4 (of 5) : $b An account of the habits of the birds of the United States of AmericaAudubon, John James
Science
Ornithological biography, Vol. 4 (of 5) : $b An account of the habits of the birds of the United States of America
Audubon, John James
Birds -- North America
The migration of this species extends to the Fur Countries, where it
is said to breed. The description of a male killed on the Saskatchewan
River, on the 22d of May 1827, is given in the Fauna Boreali-Americana;
and I have a fine male procured by Dr TOWNSEND on the Columbia River.
ANAS STREPERA, _Linn._ Syst. Nat. vol. i. p. 200.—_Lath._
Ind. Ornith. vol. ii. p. 859.—_Ch. Bonaparte_, Synopsis of
Birds of United States, p. 383.
GADWALL, ANAS STREPERA, _Wils._ Amer. Ornith. vol. viii.
p. 120, pl. 71, fig. 1.—_Richards._ and _Swains._ Fauna
Bor.-Amer. vol. ii. p. 440.
GADWALL or GREY, _Nuttall_, Manual, vol. ii. p. 383.
Adult Male. Plate CCCXLVIII. Fig. 1.
Bill nearly as long as the head, deeper than broad at the base,
depressed towards the end, the sides parallel, the tip rounded. Upper
mandible with the frontal angles short and obtuse, the dorsal line
at first sloping, then slightly concave and direct, the ridge broad
and flat at the base, then broadly convex, the edges soft, with about
fifty internal lamellæ, the unguis roundish, curved abruptly at the
end. Nostrils sub-basal, lateral, rather small, oblong, pervious. Lower
mandible flattened, its angle very long and narrow, the dorsal line
very short, slightly convex, the edges soft, with about sixty lamellæ.
Head of moderate size, oblong, compressed. Neck rather long, slender.
Body elongated, slightly depressed. Feet very short; tibia bare for
about a quarter of an inch; tarsus very short, compressed, anteriorly
with two series of scutella, the outer shorter, the rest covered with
reticulated angular scales; toes obliquely scutellate above; first
very small, free, with a narrow membrane beneath; third longest, fourth
considerably shorter, second shorter than fourth, their connecting webs
entire, on the edge crenate; the second or inner toe with a membranous
margin. Claws small, slightly arched, compressed, rather acute, the
hind one very small and more curved, that of the middle toe with an
inner sharp edge.
Plumage dense, soft, blended. Feathers of the head short, of the
occiput and nape a little elongated, of the lower parts glossy with
the extremities of the filaments stiffish. Wings rather long, little
curved, pointed; the first quill longest, the rest rapidly graduated;
secondaries very broad, but pointed, the inner much elongated, and
tapering to a point. The tips of the filaments of the outer web of the
first primary are separated and curved a little forwards. Tail short,
rounded, of sixteen strong pointed feathers, of which the middle pair
project considerably.
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