Ornithological biography, Vol. 4 (of 5) : $b An account of the habits of the birds of the United States of AmericaAudubon, John James
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Ornithological biography, Vol. 4 (of 5) : $b An account of the habits of the birds of the United States of America
Audubon, John James
Birds -- North America
Head of moderate size, oblong, compressed; neck rather long and
slender; body full, depressed. Feet short, stout, placed a little
behind the centre of the body; legs bare a little above the joint;
tarsus short, a little compressed, anteriorly with small scutella,
externally of which is a series continuous with those of the outer
toe, laterally and behind with reticulated angular scales. Hind toe
extremely small, with a very narrow membrane; third toe longest, fourth
a little shorter, but longer than the second; the scutella of the
second and third oblique, of the outer transverse; the three anterior
toes connected by reticulated membranes, the outer with a thick margin,
the inner with the margin extended into a slightly lobed web. Claws
small, arched, compressed, rather obtuse, that of the middle toe much
larger, with a dilated, thin edge.
Plumage dense, soft, and elastic; on the head and neck the feathers
linear-oblong, on the other parts in general broad and rounded. Wings
of moderate breadth and length, acute; primaries narrow and tapering,
the second longest, the first very little shorter; secondaries broad,
curved inwards, the inner elongated and tapering. Tail short, much
rounded, of eighteen acute feathers, none of which are reserved.
Bill yellowish-green, the unguis dusky. Iris dark brown. Feet
orange-red, the webs dusky. The upper part of the head is glossy
brownish-black, the feathers margined with light brown; the sides
of the head and a band over the eye are light greyish-brown, with
longitudinal dusky streaks; the middle of the neck is similar, but more
dusky. The general colour is blackish-brown, a little paler beneath,
all the feathers margined with pale reddish-brown. The wing-coverts are
greyish-dusky, with a faint tinge of green; the ends of the secondary
coverts velvet-black. Primaries and their coverts blackish-brown, with
the shafts brown; secondaries darker; the speculum is green, blue,
violet, or amethyst purple, according to the light in which it is
viewed, bounded by velvet-black, the feathers also tipped with a narrow
line of white. The whole under surface of the wing, and the axillaries,
white.
Length to end of tail 24-1/2 inches, to end of claws 26; extent of
wings 38-1/2; bill 2-4/12 along the back; wing from flexure 11-1/2;
tail 4-4/12; tarsus 1-(6-1/2)/12; middle toe 2-3/12, its claw 4/12;
first toe 5/12, its claw 2/12. Weight 3 lb.
Adult Female. Plate CCCII. Fig. 2.
The female, which is somewhat smaller, resembles the male in colour,
but is more brown, and has the speculum of the same tints, but without
the white terminal line.
Length to end of tail 22 inches, to end of wings 21-1/4, to end of
claws 22; wing from flexure 10-1/2; extent of wings 34-1/4; tarsus 2,
middle toe and claw 2-1/2; hind toe and claw 5/12.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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