Dependence on forage--Principles on which cavalry is placed in the front--Want of direction in 1870-- Galliffet’s influence--Service of information separated from that of security--The Napoleonic traditions revived--And generally adopted--French view--The cavalry of exploration--The cavalry of army corps-- The divisional cavalry--Generalissimo’s use of his independent cavalry--Movement _en bondes_--The effect of modern rifle--Difficulties in the attack of protective cavalry and mixed detachments. Page 86 SECOND PART The modern disposition is theoretical--Tendency to increase independent cavalry at the expense of protective, for sake of initial advantages--Difficulty of weaker cavalry rôle--Von Bernhardi on German cavalry strength--Improvisation of cavalry--Dilemma-- Cyclists--Difficulty of training for non-professional cavalry--Danger of amateur cavalry officers--The ULM Campaign--Effect of first success--Boer tactics unsuitable to European war Page 93 CHAPTER X HORSE ARTILLERY AND CAVALRY IN THE GENERAL ENGAGEMENT Deficiency in peace training--The energy of the attack-- An instance--Plan of the attack--In the defence--Value of artillery in the retreat Page 101 CHAPTER XI CO-OPERATION OF HORSE ARTILLERY AND CAVALRY German tendency in 1870 to deprive cavalry of horse artillery--Reversed by 1907 regulations--Effect of modern horse artillery--Probable necessity to allocate horse artillery--Mukden--Arrangement of artillery support in attack on infantry--Sir Douglas Haig on the counter-attack--Principles--Conclusions Page 108 CHAPTER XII HORSE ARTILLERY FIRE EFFECT COMPARED WITH RIFLE FIRE Comparative efficacy in bullets--Reasons of Henderson’s advocacy of mounted infantry--Demand for exceptional arrangements--An instance of masked fire--Von Bernhardi’s plan--A suggested alternative Page 117 CHAPTER XIII IN CONTACT WITH THE ENEMY Duties of the Commander--A day in the outposts--At night--The men--The horses--Care of men’s health-- Wet weather--Hints for scouts--_Moral_--Sending out scouts at night--Sniping by nervous sentries-- Fireflies--Ruses and duplicity--Value of a knowledge of strategy and tactics--To picket an enemy--Security and information--Instances of picketing the enemy--Practice in peace--Difficulty of instruction--Practice preferred to theory--Honest outpost work--Night work--Regiment’s practice of outposts Page 122 CHAPTER XIV SOME DETACHED DUTIES OF CAVALRY