3. Then there are big mounds or heaps, called =Barrows=. Some of these are oval in shape, and are called =Long Barrows=; others are round, and are called =Round Barrows=. The Long Barrows are thought to be the older kind, and were apparently the burial-places of great leaders. The Round Barrows were also burial-places; but those who raised them burned their dead. The great pyramids of Egypt are barrows, only they are made of stone, not of earth. [Illustration: Round Barrow] [Illustration: Long Barrow] [Illustration: Twin Barrow] 4. The =circles of stones= at Stonehenge and Avebury seem to have been connected with the worship of these early people. There are many single stones, especially in Cornwall and Wales, which also seem to have been connected with religious rites; but of this we know nothing for certain. In later times they have served as boundary marks. [Illustration: White Horse Hill] 5. In various parts of England there are deep lanes or cuttings, which have received curious local names. There are no less than twenty-two such cuttings in different parts of England all known as =Grim's Ditch=. These, no doubt, formed boundaries, separating various tribes. 6. The =White Horse=, cut out of the slope of Uffington Hill, and several similar objects in Wiltshire, as well as the crosses--also cut in the turf--at Whiteleaf and Bledlow, may also belong to this period. Some learned men, however, have thought that they are of a later date. 7. From these early men then the =Ancient Britons= appear to have descended, and they were settled here a good many centuries before the coming of the Romans. Many of the wild tales and legends, still told in country villages, about giants and fairies, have come down to us from these early times. =Summary.=--There are many curious mounds and stones, about which wild tales are told. _Earthworks_ are of various kinds. Those enclosed by an earthen wall or rampart are often called British towns or camps. They were places of refuge. There are two kinds of _mounds_, called Long Barrows and Round Barrows. Both were burial-places. The Long Barrows belonged to the older race. _Stone circles_, like those at Stonehenge and Avebury, had something to do with worship, and there are many stones in Cornwall and Devon which most likely were put to the same use. There are twenty-two old trackway boundaries in England all called Grim's Ditch. The _White Horse_ and several other cuttings in the turf possibly belong to this same period. The old legends and tales about all these are worth keeping in mind, though at present we do not understand them. CHAPTER V IN ROMAN TIMES