Labor, kidnaping of, 8; indentured service, 9-10; Scotch political prisoners sold into service, 12-13; negro, 60-63; Irish displaced by other nationalities, 121-22; Italian, 181; Chinese, 190-91; attitude toward Chinese, 193, 194; treaty limiting Chinese,198; bill to prohibit immigration of Chinese, 199; Scott Act, 201; Japanese, 204; racial changes in, 216-17; law to aid importation of contract labor, 222; contract labor excluded, 225 Lafayette, Marquis de, visits Gallipolis, 152 Land, immigrants on the, 147 _et seq._; immigrants on abandoned or rejected land, 208-214 Laurens, Henry, 16 Lawrence (Mass.), racial changes in, 215-16 Lee, Ann, founder of Shakers, 91, 92 Legislation, negro, 59-60; Chinese immigration, 199-200, 201-03; California Alien Land Act, 206-07; immigration, 222 _et seq._ Lehigh River, Moravian community on, 72 Lehman, Peter, 72 Lesueur, C.A., 95 Levant, immigrants from the, 184 Limestone Ridge, Battle of, 120 Lincoln, Abraham, father a pioneer, 36; message to Congress Dec. 8, 1863, 222 Literacy test for immigrants, in Lodge bill, 227; rejected in law of 1903, 228-29; executive disapproval of, 231; bill passes over veto (1917), 232; provisions of act, 232 Lithuanians in United States, 174-75 Liverpool, Irish immigrants at, 111, 112 (note) Lockwood, G.B., _The New Harmony Movement_, cited, 96 (note) Lodge, H.C., _The Distribution of Ability in the United States_, 39-41, 43; immigration bill, 227 Logan, James, Secretary of Province of Pennsylvania, on Scotch-Irish, 11-12 London, German emigrants embark at, 134 Los Angeles, anti-Chinese riots, 191 Louis Philippe visits Gallipolis, 152 Louisiana, admitted as State (1812), 33; American migration to, 34; Icarians in, 99; Italians in, 211 Louisiana Purchase (1803), 147 McCall, of Massachusetts, introduces Lodge bill in House, 227 McCarthy, Justin, quoted, 106; cited, 107 Macedonia, Bulgarians from, 170 McGee, T. D'A., leader of "Young Ireland" party, 120-121 Maclure, William, "Father of American Geology," 94-95 Macluria (Ind.), communistic attempt, 96 McMaster, J.B., _History of the People of the United States_, quoted, 152 McParlan, James, 118 Macy, Jesse, _The Anti-Slavery Crusade_, cited, 54 (note) Madison, James, on population of New England, 34 Madison (Ill.), racial changes in, 217 Magyars, distinct race, 174; in United States, 175-76; in Granite City (Ill.), 217 Maine, Shakers in, 91 Mainzer Adelsverein, 136 Manchester (England), Shakers originate in, 91 Manhattan, Jewish synagogue in (1691), 16; Dutch in, 17; cosmopolitan character, 17; Norwegian Quakers land on, 155; _see also_ New York City Marion, Francis, 16 Marx, Karl, 179 Maryland, English settle, 5-6; recruits schoolmasters from criminals, 9; Scotch-Irish in, 11, 12; Scotch in, 12; Irish in, 13; Germans in, 127; Poles in, 213 Massachusetts, French in, 15; Shakers in, 91; Brook Farm, 97