New Harmony (Ind.), Rapp's colony, 74-75; sold to Robert Owen, 75; Owen's colony, 94-96 New Jersey, English settle, 5; not represented in first census, 25; census computations for 1790, 28-29; Germans in, 127; racial changes in manufacturing towns, 216 New Netherland, 17 New Orleans, Spain acquires, 18; Icarians in, 99; Irish in, 113; Dalmatians in, 171; Italians in, 180, 211 New York (State), Germans in, 14; French in, 15; Jews in, 16; western part settled, 33; migration through, 36; slavery, 50-51; "Underground Railway" in, 54; and slave trade, 56; negroes in, 62; Shakers in, 91; Scotch and English in, 151; Norwegians in, 155; Poles in, 167; Russians in, 169; Italian farmers, 212; racial changes in manufacturing towns, 216; State relief for immigrants, 224 New York City, French in, 16; cosmopolitanism, 18-19; Irish in, 108, 109, 113; Tammany Hall, 116; Germans in, 127; Poles in, 167 (note); Croatians in, 172; Hungarian Jews, 178; Russian Jews, 179; Italians, 180; _see also_ Manhattan _New York Nation_, McGee establishes, 120 (note) New Zealand, deflects migration to United States, 150 Newfoundland, Irish come through, 109 Newspapers, German, 139, 142-144; Scandinavian, 158; Slovak, 169 "Niagara Movement," 63 Norsemen, _see_ Scandinavians North, colonies settled by townfolk, 7-8; negroes in, 55; negro laborers, 62 North Carolina, Germans in, 127 Northwest, Scandinavians in, 156; _see also_ names of States Northwest Territory, slavery forbidden in, 51 Norwegians, number in America, 154; character, 154; lead Scandinavian migration, 155; _see also_ Scandinavians Noyes, J.H., 92, 93 Oberholtzer, _History of the United States since the Civil War_, cited, 120 (note), 148 (note), 149 (note) Ohio, admitted as State (1802), 33; western migration through, 36; "Underground Railway" in, 54; negroes in, 62; Zoar colony, 78-80; Germans in, 134; Scotch and English in, 151; French in, 151-52; Swiss in, 153; Slovenians in, 173; Italian farmers, 212; Poles in, 213; racial changes in coal regions of, 219 Ohio River, French on, 18 Oklahoma, Bohemians in, 159; Slavs in, 213 Old Elmspring Community, 89 Olsen, Jonas, 87, 88 Omaha, Italians in, 180 Oneida Community, 92-93 Orange County (N.Y.), Polish settlement, 213 Ordinance of 1787, 51 Oregon, acquisition of (1846), 33, 147; Scandinavians in, 156; Japanese in, 203 Orientals, 188 _et seq._; _see also_ Chinese, Indians, East, Japanese Otis, General, 202 Owen, Robert, 75, 93-96, 98 Ozark Mountains, Italians in, 211 Palatinate, peasants come to America from, 14 Penn, William, 71