Our Legal Heritage: King AEthelbert - King George III, 600 A.D. - 1776Reilly, S. A.
History
Our Legal Heritage: King AEthelbert - King George III, 600 A.D. - 1776
Reilly, S. A.
Law -- England -- History
"For the oath of a thegn equals the oaths of six villeins; if he is
killed he is fully avenged by the slaying of six villeins and if
compensation is paid for him, his wergeld is the wergeld for six
villeins."
Some freemen are 200 men, some 600 men, and others 1200 men. A 200 man
has a wergeld of 200s., which equal 4 pounds. A 1200 man is a person of
noble rank, that is, a thegn, whose wergeld is 1200s., which equal 25
pounds. His healsfang is 120s., which today equals 50s. (40 sheep are
worth 20s., as is one horse.)
Homicide by a magical potion or witchcraft or sorcery practiced with
images or by any kind of enchantment cannot be compensated. If the
bewitched person does not die, but suffers some change of the skin or
demonstrable physical sickness, compensation shall be paid as
prescribed by the ancient provisions of wise men, in accordance with
the circumstances.
"If anyone kills his lord, then if in his guilt he is seized, he shall
in no manner redeem himself but shall be condemned to scalping or
disemboweling or to human punishment which in the end is so harsh that
while enduring the dreadful agonies of his tortures and the miseries of
his vile manner of death he may appear to have yielded up his wretched
life before in fact he has won an end to his sufferings, and so that he
may declare, if it were possible, that he had found more mercy in hell
than had been shown to him on earth."
"If anyone kills his man without his having merited death, he shall
just the same pay compensation for him to his relatives according to
the amount of his wergeld, because the man was his to render service,
not to be killed."
"A person who breaks the king's peace which he confers on anyone with
his own hand shall, if he is seized, suffer the loss of his limbs."
"If anyone has the king's peace given by the sheriff or other official
and a breach of it is committed against him, then this is a case of
grithbreche and compensation of one hundred shillings shall be paid, if
settlement can be effected by payment of compensation."
"On whosoever's land a slaying takes place, the lord who has his rights
of soke and sake shall, if the slayer, when caught on the spot, is
released on providing security or is detained after being charged,
receive the fihtwite."
If anyone is slain in an attack by a band of marauders, the slayer
shall pay the wergeld to the relatives, and manbot to the lord, and all
who were present shall pay hlothbot, that is to say, they shall pay
compensation of 30s. for a 200 man, 60s. for a 600 man, and 120s. for a
1200 man.
In the case of every payment of wergeld for a slaying, two parts are
the responsibility of the paternal kindred, and one third part is the
responsibility of the maternal kin.
If the kindred of a man who slays another abandons him and will not pay
compensation for him, then all the kindred shall be free from the feud
except the wrongdoer alone, if they thereafter provide him with neither
food nor protection.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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