Our Legal Heritage: King AEthelbert - King George III, 600 A.D. - 1776: June 2011 (Sixth) EditionReilly, S. A.
History
Our Legal Heritage: King AEthelbert - King George III, 600 A.D. - 1776: June 2011 (Sixth) Edition
Reilly, S. A.
Law -- England -- History
From 1150 to 1400, resistance was an ordinary remedy for political
disagreements. If a popular leader raised his standard in a popular
cause, an irregular army could be assembled in a day. (There was no
regular army, since England was protected by the sea from invasion.) So
misgovernment by a king would be quickly restrained. Society recovered
quickly from conflict and civil war because the national wealth
consisted chiefly in flocks and herds and in the simple buildings
inhabited by the people. In a week after armed resistance, the
agricultural worker was driving his team. There was little furniture,
stock of shops, manufactured goods, or machinery that could be
destroyed.
To support a war with France, the staple was reinstated by statute of
1353 after an experiment without it in which profits of a staple went to
staples outside the nation. Wool exports were inspected for quality and
taxed through his officials only at the designated staple ports. These
officials included collectors, controllers, searchers [inspectors],
surveyors, clerks, weighers, and crane-keepers. Wool, woolfells,
leather, and lead sold for export had to go through the staple town. The
penalty was forfeiture of lands, tenements, goods, and chattel. The
mayor and constables of the staple were elected annually by the native
and foreign merchants of the place. The mayor gave validity to contracts
for a set fee, by seal of his office. He and the constables had
jurisdiction over all persons and things touching the staple, which was
regulated by the Law Merchant in all matters of contract, covenant,
debt, and felonies against foreign merchants. A hue and cry was required
to be raised and followed for anyone taking a cart of merchandise or
slaying a merchant, denizen [resident alien] or alien, or the town would
answer for the robbery and damage done. In 1363, Calais, a continental
town held by the English, became the staple town for lead, tin, cloth,
and wool and was placed under a group of London capitalists: the
Merchants of the Staple. All exports of these had to pass through
Calais, where customs tax was collected. The staple statute remained
basically unchanged for the next 200 years.
Guns and cannon were common by 1372. In the 1300s and 1400s, the king
relied on mercenaries hired directly or by contract with his great
nobles for foreign wars. The King reimbursed the contractors with the
profits of war, such as the ransoms paid by the families of rich
prisoners. The fighting men supplemented their pay by plunder.
Featherbeds and blooded horses were favorite spoils of war brought back
to England from the continent. As new techniques with footmen came into
being, the footmen became the core of the army and the knightly
abilities of the feudal tenants-in-chief became less valuable.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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