Our Legal Heritage: King AEthelbert - King George III, 600 A.D. - 1776: June 2011 (Sixth) EditionReilly, S. A.
History
Our Legal Heritage: King AEthelbert - King George III, 600 A.D. - 1776: June 2011 (Sixth) Edition
Reilly, S. A.
Law -- England -- History
Many lords got men to fight with them by livery and maintenance
employment agreements such as this one of 1374: "Bordeaux, February 15.
This indenture, made between our lord King John [of Gaunt, of Castile,
etc.] of the one part and Symkyn Molyneux, esquire, of the other part,
witnesses that the said Symkyn is retained and will remain with our said
lord for peace and for war for the term of his life, as follows: that is
to say, the said Symkyn shall be bound to serve our said lord as well in
time of peace as of war in whatsoever parts it shall please our said
lord, well and fitly arrayed. And he shall be boarded as well in time of
peace as of war. And he shall take for his fees by the year, as well in
time of peace as of war, ten marks sterling [133s.] from the issues of
the Duchy of Lancaster by the hands of the receiver there who now is or
shall be in time to come, at the terms of Easter and Michaelmas by even
portions yearly for the whole of his life. And, moreover, our lord has
granted to him by the year in time of war five marks sterling [67s.] by
the hands of the treasurer of war for the time being. And his year of
war shall begin the day when he shall move from his inn towards our said
lord by letters which shall be sent to him thereof, and thenceforward he
shall take wages coming and returning by reasonable daily [payments] and
he shall have fitting freightage for him, his men, horses, and other
harness within reason, and in respect of his war horses taken and lost
in the service of our said lord, and also in respect to prisoners and
other profits of war taken or gained by him or any of his men, the said
our lord will do to him as to other squires of his rank."
Forecastles and stern castles on ships were lower and broader.
Underneath them were cabins. The English ship was still single masted
with a single square sail. A fleet was formed with over 200 ships
selected by the English admirals acting for the king at the ports. Men
were seized and pressed into service and criminals were pardoned from
crimes to become sailors in the fleet, which was led by the King's ship.
They used the superior longbow against the French sailor's crossbow. In
1372, the Tower of London had four mounted fortress cannon and the port
of Dover had six.
The war's disruption of shipping caused trade to decline. But the
better policing of the narrow seas made piracy almost disappear.
English merchants may carry their merchandise in foreign ships if there
are no English ships available.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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