Our Legal Heritage: King AEthelbert - King George III, 600 A.D. - 1776: June 2011 (Sixth) EditionReilly, S. A.
History
Our Legal Heritage: King AEthelbert - King George III, 600 A.D. - 1776: June 2011 (Sixth) Edition
Reilly, S. A.
Law -- England -- History
Plays about miracles wrought by holy men or saints or the sufferings
and fortitude of martyrs were performed, usually at the great church
festivals. Most nobles could read, though writing was still a
specialized craft. There were books on animals, plants, and stones. The
lives of the saints as told in the book "The Golden Legend" were
popular. The story of the early King Arthur was told in the book "The
History of the Kings of England". The story at this time stressed Arthur
as a hero and went as follows: Arthur became king at age 15. He had an
inborn goodness and generosity as well as courage. He and his knights
won battles against foreign settlers and neighboring clans. Once, he and
his men surrounded a camp of foreigners until they gave up their gold
and silver rather than starve. Arthur married Guenevere and established
a court and retinue. Leaving Britain in the charge of his nephew Modred,
he fought battles on the continent for land to give to his noblemen who
did him service in his household and fought with him. When Arthur
returned to Britain, he made battle with his nephew Modred who had
crowned himself King. Arthur's knight Gawain, the son of his sister, and
the enemy Modred were killed and Arthur was severely wounded. Arthur
told his kinsman Constantine to rule Britain as king in his place.
The intellectual world included art, secular literature, law, and
medicine. There were about 90 physicians.
The center of government was a collection of tenants-in-chief, whose
feudal duty included attendance when summoned, and certain selected
household servants of the King. The Exchequer became a separate body.
The payments in kind, such as grain or manual services, from the royal
demesnes had been turned into money payments. The great barons made
their payments directly to the Exchequer. The income from royal estates
was received by the Exchequer and then commingled with the other funds.
Each payment was indicated by notches on a stick, which was then split
so that the payer and the receiver each had a half showing the notches.
The Exchequer was the great school for training statesmen, justices, and
bishops. The Chancellor managed the domestic matters of the Crown's
castles and lands. The great offices of state were sold for thousands of
pounds, which caused their holders to be on their best behavior for fear
of losing their money by being discharged from office. One chancellor
paid Henry about 3000 pounds for the office. Henry brought sheriffs
under his strict control, free from influence by the barons. He
maintained order with a strong hand, but was no more severe than his
security demanded.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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