United States. Navy -- History -- World War, 1914-1918; World War, 1914-1918 -- Naval operations, American
Having ordered all the destroyers and sub-chasers that could be built,
other sources were sought to produce more anti-submarine craft. On
December 24, 1917, I received a letter from Mr. Henry Ford proposing
quantity production of fabricated boats, suggesting that at least 500
could be built, and saying: "We will undertake the construction of
these boats with all possible speed, and deliver them to the United
States Government without profit to us." I telegraphed him, suggesting
that he send his engineers and construction men to confer with our
designers. Captain Robert Stocker and his associates in the Design
Division completed the plans and specifications in a few days, and
they were submitted to Mr. Ford. On January 15 he made a definite
proposal to build 100 to 500 of these vessels. I consulted with the
General Board, and two days later telegraphed him to proceed with
construction of 100. Later twelve additional were ordered for the
Italian Government. They were to be of 500 tons displacement, 200 feet
long, speed 18 knots, with a cruising radius of 3,500 miles. They were
to be armed with two 4-inch 50 caliber guns, discharge projectors,
anti-aircraft and machine guns.
These "eagle boats," as they were named, were built specifically to
hunt submarines. For their construction Mr. Ford erected a special
plant on the River Rouge near Detroit. Though only a few were in
service before the armistice, sixty in all were built. The completion
of 23 in one month in 1919 indicated that Mr. Ford was not far wrong
in his original estimate that it was possible, when his plant got into
quantity production, to turn out 25 per month.
"Eagles" went from New York to Inverness, Scotland, over a 4,500-mile
course, and after they had steamed 11,500 miles officers confirmed
their seaworthiness and their fitness for the task for which they
were built. Several sailed to Arctic waters, through fields of
ice. They were used to maintain dispatch service between ports in
Northern Russia, in which duty Admiral McCully reported they were very
successful.
Orders for many mine-sweepers were placed early in 1917, their design
permitting their construction by certain companies without interfering
with the building of naval or merchant craft. Some were built at the
Puget Sound and Philadelphia navy yards. The new mine-sweepers proved
exceptionally seaworthy. Thirty-six were employed in sweeping the mines
in the North Sea. In addition to the vessels designed and built for
this purpose, we employed a fleet of privately-owned ships of all sorts
and sizes, which were fitted out and used first as patrol and then as
mine-sweepers.
While war was on, construction had to concentrate on destroyers and
other anti-submarine craft. However, we completed two battleships, the
_Mississippi_ and _New Mexico_, and practically finished the _Idaho_;
but work was suspended on capital ships that were not already far
advanced.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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