Our Nuclear Future: Facts, Dangers and OpportunitiesTeller, Edward
Science
Our Nuclear Future: Facts, Dangers and Opportunities
Teller, Edward
Nuclear energy -- Popular works; Nuclear weapons; Radioactivity -- Physiological effect
During all this time the presence of the Japanese fishing boat in the
area was not even suspected. Not until two weeks after the explosion,
when the little boat returned to Yaizu harbor, did the world find out.
By this time the 23 fishermen were pretty sick. We do not know precisely
what dose the fishermen received, but the best guess is about 200
roentgens. Unhappily, one of the fishermen died, presumably from
complications associated with the exposure to radiation.[10] The other
22, however, are in good health and back at work.
Our medical information on the Marshallese islanders is complete. After
staying three months on Kwajalein they were removed to Majuro atoll,
where homes were built for them and where they have been cared for and
under continuous surveillance since the incident. Frequent and thorough
medical examinations have been conducted, handicapped somewhat by the
problem of communicating through an interpreter.
In the first twenty-four hours some of the victims complained of nausea,
fever, and stomach-ache. But these symptoms abated promptly in every
case without treatment. There was also some complaint of skin itching
and a burning sensation, but these symptoms also lasted only a couple of
days. Then followed a week or so of comfort and no complaint. After that
skin lesions and loss of hair began to occur.
Fifty to eighty per cent of the beta rays during the exposure period had
an average energy of 0.3 million electron-volts. Much of this energy was
stopped in the outer layer of skin, which is two thousandths of an inch
thick. The remainder of the beta rays had an average energy of 0.6
million electron-volts; these beta rays could easily penetrate into the
deeper layer of live skin. The most important fact, however, was that
clothing of any kind, even a thin cotton fabric, provided protection
against all the beta rays. Lesions developed only on the exposed parts
of the body and in a few other places such as the armpits and the
creases of the neck where material tends to accumulate. Bare feet were
especially bad. During the acute period some of the people walked on
their heels.
At the end of six months lost hair had grown out again unaltered in
texture and color, and the skin lesions had healed. Everyone appeared
healthy and normal with no apparent after effects.
There had been four pregnancies amongst Rongelap women at the time of
the exposure. One baby was born dead, but the other three were quite
normal. There was no evidence that the stillbirth had been due to
radiation effects. In fact the percentage of stillbirths amongst the
Rongelapese is normally high. Statistically, one in four is not an
unusual ratio.
Today, more than three years since the accident, all of the Marshallese
and American victims seem to be fully recovered. No malignancies or
leukemias have shown up, but these long-term effects are still being
carefully watched for by an AEC medical group.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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