1. Loosen clothing, if any. 2. Empty lungs of water by laying body on its stomach and lifting it by the middle so that the head hangs down. Jerk the body a few times. 3. Pull tongue forward, using handkerchief, or pin with string, if necessary. 4. Imitate motion of respiration by alternately compressing and expanding the lower ribs, about twenty times a minute. Alternately raising and lowering the arms from the sides up above the head will stimulate the action of the lungs. Let it be done gently but persistently. 5. Apply warmth and friction to extremities. 6. By holding tongue forward, closing the nostrils, and pressing the "Adam's apple" back (so as to close entrance to stomach), direct inflation may be tried. Take a deep breath and breathe it forcibly into the mouth of patient, compress the chest to expel the air, and repeat the operation. 7. _Don't give up!_ People have been saved after _hours_ of patient, vigorous effort. 8. When breathing begins, get patient into a warm bed, give _warm_ drinks, or spirits in teaspoonfuls, fresh air, and quiet. [Illustration: ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION--FIRST MOVEMENT] [Illustration: ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION--SECOND MOVEMENT] BURNS AND SCALDS Cover with cooking soda, and lay wet cloths over it. Whites of eggs and olive oil. Olive oil or linseed oil, plain or mixed with chalk or whiting. Sweet or olive oil and limewater. LIGHTNING Dash cold water over a person struck. SUNSTROKE Loosen clothing. Get patient into shade and apply ice-cold water to head. Keep head in elevated position. MAD DOG OR SNAKE BITE Tie cord tight above wound. Suck the wound and cauterize with caustic or white-hot iron at once, or cut out adjoining parts with a sharp knife. Give stimulants, as whiskey, brandy, etc. STINGS OF VENOMOUS INSECTS, ETC. Apply weak ammonia, oil, salt water, or iodine. FAINTING Place flat on back; allow fresh air, and sprinkle with water. Place head lower than rest of body. TESTS OF DEATH Hold mirror to mouth. If living, moisture will gather. Push pin into flesh. If dead the hole will remain, if alive it will close up. Place fingers in front of a strong light. If alive, they will appear red; if dead, black or dark. If a person is dead decomposition is almost sure to set in after 72 hours have elapsed. If it does not, then there is room for investigation by the physician. Do not permit burial of dead until certain indication of death is apparent. CINDERS IN THE EYE Roll soft paper up like a lamplighter, and wet the tip to remove, or use a medicine dropper to draw out. Rub the _other_ eye. FIRE IN ONE'S CLOTHING _Don't run_--especially not downstairs or out-of-doors. Roll on carpet or wrap in woolen rug or blanket. Keep the head down, so as not to inhale flame. FIRE FROM KEROSENE _Don't use water_, it will spread the flames. Dirt, sand, or flour is the best extinguisher, or smother with woolen rug, table-cloth, or carpet. SUFFOCATION FROM INHALING ILLUMINATING GAS