Outline of a natural system of medical science : $b Forming the preliminary lectures to two courses: one on anatomy and physiology; the other on pathology and the practice of medicineWalker, Alexander
Science
Outline of a natural system of medical science : $b Forming the preliminary lectures to two courses: one on anatomy and physiology; the other on pathology and the practice of medicine
Walker, Alexander
Anatomy; Medicine; Pathology; Physiology
As individual diseases are not arranged under the table, I may, in order
to render my meaning perfectly obvious, give one or two examples of
this mode of classification. Thus with regard to the classes or first
and most general divisions of disease, _fracture_ is a disease of the
mechanical functions, _syphilis_ of the vital functions, and _mania_ of
the intellectual functions. With regard to the orders or second and less
general divisions of disease in the last of these classes, _amaurosis_
is a disease of impression or sensation, _mania_ of mental operation,
and _paralysis_ of expression or volition. And with regard to the genera
or subdivisions of disease in the second of these orders, _fatuitas_ is
a disease of diminished mental operation, _mania_ of depraved mental
operation, and _vigilia_ of increased mental operation. Farther, with
regard to the combination of disease under the last class, (sleep
itself consisting in the quiescence of almost all the intellectual
functions), _dreaming_ consists chiefly in the quiescence of sensation,
_somnambulism_ chiefly in that of mental operation and _incubus_ chiefly
in that of volition.
With regard to the articles of the materia medica, or rather with
regard either to external or internal applications, the correctness
of my arrangement, as indicating their influence upon the different
classes of organs, will, on the slightest consideration, appear equally
evident; pressure, for instance, affects the mechanical, mercury the
vital and opium the intellectual system. But, like the diseases which
they remedy, it will appear, that each of these also affects all of the
functions, though in a less direct manner than that which I have just now
particularly pointed out as its object, and upon which the exact place of
each in a systematic arrangement ought to depend.
It cannot, therefore, be a just objection to this arrangement, that it
throws each of what are commonly called diseases under these different
classes, as, in reality, each of the common diseases is more properly
three, and exists under three natural classes. Even in this way, does
every physician, though unaware of it, consider them, and therefore,
instead of giving any new complexity to nosology, it merely explains
and simplifies that complexity which ever has existed in the nature of
disease. In other words, it is natural, and developes and simplifies only
the combinations of nature.
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