Outline of a natural system of medical science : $b Forming the preliminary lectures to two courses: one on anatomy and physiology; the other on pathology and the practice of medicine — John Shaqi
Outline of a natural system of medical science : $b Forming the preliminary lectures to two courses: one on anatomy and physiology; the other on pathology and the practice of medicineWalker, Alexander
Science
Outline of a natural system of medical science : $b Forming the preliminary lectures to two courses: one on anatomy and physiology; the other on pathology and the practice of medicine
Walker, Alexander
Anatomy; Medicine; Pathology; Physiology
In order to arrange Animal Physiology, it is only necessary to substitute
the term “functions” for “organs;” and that science will likewise
involve, in application, the physiology of mineral and vegetable bodies,
and be, in its turn, capable of instant adaption to medical science.
Thus, the functions also are divided into Mechanical, Vital and
Intellectual.
The mechanical functions are subdivided into that of support, that of
connection, and that of loco-motion.
The vital functions are divided into that of absorption, that of
circulation, and that of secretion.
The intellectual functions are divided into that of sensation, that of
mental operation, and that of volition.
A circle of functions, I may observe, thus exists in animals, which
exists not in minerals or vegetables, because volition, the last of
the intellectual functions, connects itself to the mechanical ones, by
rendering them subservient to it in loco-motion. Thus the first and
the last of these functions are as intimately connected as any of the
intermediate ones, and a beautiful circle of organic function and organic
influence is formed.
The plan of the course will, therefore, be precisely the same with that
which I have proposed for Anatomy and Physiology in general.
I. In that part of the course which relates to the mechanical organs and
functions, will be explained the structure and uses, _1st_, of the bones
which support the rest of the animal machine; _2dly_, of the ligaments
which unite it; and _3dly_, of the muscles which move it.
II. In the first part of the course which relates to the vital organs and
functions, will be explained the structure and uses, _1st_, of the organs
of mastication, deglutition and digestion, of the absorbent surfaces,
and of the vessels which absorb from these surfaces; _2dly_, of the
heart, lungs and blood-vessels, which derive their contents, (the blood),
from the absorbed lymph; and, _3dly_, of the organs of secretion, which
separate various matters from the blood. Throughout this division in
particular, the analogies from vegetables will be explained.
III. In that part of the course which relates to the intellectual organs
and functions, will be explained the structure and uses, _1st_, of the
organs of sense which receive impressions from external objects; _2dly_,
of the brain, where these impressions excite ideas; and, _3dly_, of the
spinal marrow and nerves, where volition results from the last. In this
division, will be also explained, as founded upon original observations,
certain criteria of the various degrees of the sensitive, perceptive and
voluntary powers possessed by different animals, as well as the nature of
sensation, perception and volition themselves.
As in physiological enquiries, comparative anatomy and comparative views
alone can destroy an hypothesis or transmute it into a theory, I shall
throughout the course introduce all its principal facts.
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