=August= was named so in honour of the Roman Emperor Augustus (Cæsar). =Brougham=, after Lord Brougham, a famous English lawyer and politician. =Cravat=, named from the Croats (Crabats), the people of Croatia, in Austria, from whom we derived the custom of wearing cravats. =Dahlia=, from Dahl, a Swede, who introduced the flower into Europe. =Dunce=, from Duns Scotus (d. 1308), the great schoolman whose name was used as a term of reproach by his opponents, the followers of the learned Thomas Aquinas. =Filbert=, from St. Philibert, whose anniversary falls in the nutting season. =Friday=, from Freya, the wife of Odin; one of the Saxon goddesses. =Galvanism=, from Galvani of Bologna, who discovered it. He died in 1798. =Herculean=, very powerful; from Hercules, one of the Greek demigods, who was very strong. =Jacobite=, one of those who were favourable to the Stuarts; from Jacobus II., the Latin name for James II. =January=, from Janus, the god with two heads, who opened the year. =Jeremiad=, a sorrowful story; from Jeremiah, who wrote the _Lamentations_. =Jovial=, cheerful; from Jove, the king of the ancient gods. =July=, from Julius Cæsar, the great Roman statesman and general. =Macadamise=, to pave a road with small cubical stones; from Macadam, who invented this method of making roads. He died 1836. =March=, from Mars, the Roman god of war. =Martial=, from Mars, the Roman god of war. =Mausoleum=, a magnificent tomb; from Mausolus, a king of Caria, in Asia Minor, whose widow erected a splendid tomb to his memory. =Mercury=, quicksilver; from Mercury, the light-footed messenger of the gods who dwelt on Olympus. =Panic=, from Pan, the god of shepherds, who often appeared to them suddenly and terrified them. =Petrel=, a sea-bird; from Peter, who is said to have walked upon the waters. =Philippic=, a speech full of strongly passionate language; from Philip, king of Macedon, against whom Demosthenes delivered some fiery speeches of this kind. =Saturday=, from Sæter, one of the old Saxon gods. =Saturnine=, grave, severe; from Saturn, the father of the Roman gods. =Stentorian=, very loud; from Stentor, the name of a Greek herald, who is mentioned by Homer, and who had a very loud voice. =Tantalise=, from Tantalus, who is said to have been always thirsty and up to his chin in water, which went out of his reach whenever he tried to drink. =Thursday=, from Thor, the Saxon god of thunder. =Tuesday=, from Tiew, the Saxon god of war. =Wednesday=, the day of Woden or Odin, the Saxon god of war. The _es_ is the old possessive form. 6. =WORDS DERIVED FROM NAMES OF PLACES.=