Opium is prepared from the unripe capsules of the White Poppy, it is chiefly cultivated for this purpose in India and Turkey. The Chinese are the great consumers of opium, it being a common habit with them both to eat and smoke it. Opium is made by collecting the juice in the morning which has exuded from incisions made in the capsules over night; those employed for this purpose use a small knife with several blades and go round the plantations scarifying the capsules in the evening, and the juice which issues and forms a thick concrete matter, is scraped off, beaten up, and dried in round lumps. About £2,000,000 worth are exported from India annually. [Illustration: White Poppy.] [Illustration: Red Poppy.] 3. RANUNCULACEÆ (Anemone coronaria) Garden Anemone. (Aconitum Napellus) Monk's-hood. (Ranunculus acris) Butter-cup. Besides the above examples, there are many beautiful flowers belonging to this order, as the Clematis and Peony. Members of this order are for the most part poisonous, and some of them, as Monk's-hood and Hellebore, are violently so, while even the Butter-cup is to a certain extent acrid. [Illustration: Garden Anemone.] [Illustration: Monk's-hood.] 4. FUMARIACEÆ (Fumaria officinalis) Fumitory. This order contains no plant of any importance. The common Fumitory derives its name from the supposed resemblance of the odour of its flowers to smoke. [Illustration: Fumitory.] 5. BRASSICACEÆ (Sinapis alba) White Mustard. (Nasturtium officinalis) Water Cress. (Brassica oleracea) Cabbage. In this order are contained many of the useful occupants of our kitchen gardens, the Cabbage, Turnip, Cauliflower, Radish, and many more; they have nearly all a pungent taste, and some, as the Rape, yield seed producing much oil. The Water Cress is grown near London in square pools, into which some neighbouring stream is turned. These pools are arranged side by side, and those who gather the plants lie down on a plank of wood placed across. Enormous quantities are thus supplied to the London markets. [Illustration: Water Cress.] 6. CISTACEÆ (Helianthemum Vulgare) Helianthemum. These plants are for the most part evergreens; the Yellow Cistus is our most familiar example of the order. In Turkey the Rock-roses are much cultivated, they exhale a gum having a highly aromatic odour, which is there used as a perfume. [Illustration: Helianthemum.] 7. BERBERIDACEÆ (Berberis vulgaris) Common Berberry. The Berberry is commonly found in our hedgerows, and its fruit is sometimes eaten; in Italy it grows to a good-sized tree. It is remarkable as furnishing an example of vegetable motion, from the irritability of its stamens, which if touched will bend forward in a curved position, and touch the stigma with the anther, and after remaining a short time in that position the stamens recover their natural form.