Outlines of dairy bacteriology, 10th edition: A concise manual for the use of students in dairyingRussell, H. L. (Harry Luman)
Science
Outlines of dairy bacteriology, 10th edition: A concise manual for the use of students in dairying
Russell, H. L. (Harry Luman)
Dairy microbiology
=Municipal regulations.= The different cities vary widely in the
methods employed to secure a satisfactory milk supply. Rules and
regulations are adopted to which the producer and dealer must
conform. In order to ascertain whether the regulations are being
obeyed, two types of examinations may be made: first the inspection
of the farms and of the plants of the dealers; second the
examination of the milk itself with reference to its chemical
composition, bacterial content and temperature.
The city of New York is doing more to safeguard and to improve its
milk supply than any other large city in this country. A brief
summary of its regulations and methods follow. A copy of the rules
is furnished to each dairyman and is supposed to be posted in the
stable.
The Cows.
1. The cows must be kept clean, and manure must not be permitted to
collect upon the tail, sides, udder and belly of any milch cow.
2. The cows should be groomed daily, and all collections of manure,
mud or other filth must not be allowed to remain upon their flanks,
udders or bellies during milking.
3. The clipping of long hairs from the udder and flanks of the cows
is of assistance in preventing the collection of filth which may
drop into the milk. The hair on the tails should be cut, so that the
brush will be well above the ground.
4. The udders and teats of the cow should be thoroughly cleaned
before milking; this to be done by thorough brushing and the use of
a cloth and warm water.
5. To prevent the cows from lying down and getting dirty between
cleaning and milking, a throat latch of rope or chain should be
fastened across the stanchions under the cow's neck.
6. Only feed which is of good quality and only grain and coarse
fodders which are free from dirt and mould should be used.
Distillery waste or any substance in a state of fermentation or
putrefaction must not be fed.
7. Cows which are not in good flesh and condition should be
immediately removed and their milk kept separate until their health
has been passed upon by a veterinarian.
8. An examination by a veterinary surgeon should be made at least
once a year.
The Stable.
9. No stagnant water, hog-pen, privy or uncovered cesspool or manure
pit should be maintained within 100 feet of the cow stable.
10. The cow stable should be provided with some adequate means of
ventilation, either by the construction of sufficient air chutes
extending from the room in which the cows are kept to the outside
air, or by the installation of muslin stretched over the window
openings.
11. Windows should be installed in the cow barn to provide
sufficient light (2 sq. feet of window light to each 600 cubic feet
of air space the minimum) and the window panes be washed and kept
clean.
12. There should be at least 600 cubic feet of air space for each
cow.
13. Milch Cows should be kept in a place which is used for no other
purpose.
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