Outlines of dairy bacteriology, 10th edition: A concise manual for the use of students in dairyingRussell, H. L. (Harry Luman)
Science
Outlines of dairy bacteriology, 10th edition: A concise manual for the use of students in dairying
Russell, H. L. (Harry Luman)
Dairy microbiology
14. Stable floors should be made water-tight, be properly graded and
well drained, and be of some non-absorbent material. Cement or brick
floors are the best, as they can be more easily kept clean than
those of wood or earth.
15. The feeding troughs and platforms should be well lighted and
kept clean at all times.
16. The ceiling should be thoroughly swept down and kept free from
hanging straw, dirt and cobwebs.
17. The ceiling must be so constructed that dust and dirt therefrom
shall not readily fall to the floor or into the milk. If the space
over the cows is used for storage of hay, the ceiling should be made
tight to prevent chaff and dust from falling through.
18. The walls and ledges should be thoroughly swept down and kept
free from dust, dirt, manure or cobwebs, and the floors and
premises be kept free from dirt, rubbish and decaying animal or
vegetable matter at all times.
19. The cow beds should be so graded and kept that they will be
clean and sanitary at all times.
20. Stables should be whitewashed at least twice a year unless the
walls are painted or are of smooth cement.
21. Manure must be removed from the stalls and gutters at least
twice daily. This must not be done during milking, nor within one
hour prior thereto.
22. Manure should be taken from the barn, preferably drawn to the
field. When the weather is such that this cannot be done, it should
be stored not nearer than 200 ft. from the stable and the manure
pile should be so located that the cows cannot get at it.
23. The liquid matter should be absorbed and removed daily and at no
time be allowed to overflow or saturate the ground under or around
the cow barn.
24. Manure gutters should be from six to eight inches deep, and
constructed of concrete, stone or some non-absorbent material.
25. The use of land plaster or lime is recommended upon the floors
and gutters.
26. Only bedding which is clean, dry and absorbent should be used,
preferably sawdust, shavings, dried leaves or straw. No horse manure
should be used as bedding.
27. The flooring where the cows stand should be so constructed that
all manure may drop into the gutter and not upon the floor itself.
28. The floor should be swept daily. This must not be done within
one hour prior to milking time.
29. If individual drinking basins are used for the cows, they should
be frequently drained and cleaned.
30. All live stock other than cows should be excluded from the room
in which the milch cows are kept. (Calf or bull pens may be allowed
in the same room if kept in the same clean and sanitary manner as
the cow beds.)
31. The barnyard should be well drained and dry, and should be as
much sheltered as possible from the wind and cold. Manure should not
be allowed to collect therein.
32. A suitable place in some separate building should be provided
for the use of the cows when sick, and separate quarters must be
provided for the cows when calving.
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