47. Clement, the third bishop of Rome, is my authority for the above statement. It appears that the Corinthians had deposed some of their bishops, and Clement in an epistle which he wrote to them said: "Our apostles knew through our Lord Jesus Christ that there would be strife over the name of the bishop's office. For this cause therefore, having received complete foreknowledge, they appointed the aforesaid persons [the bishops], and afterward they provided a continuance [i.e., gave instructions] that if these should fall asleep, other approved men should succeed to their ministration. Those therefore who were appointed by other men of repute with the consent of the whole church, and have ministered unblamably * * * these men we consider to be unjustly thrust out of their ministration."--See also Gibbon's "Decline and Fall," vol. I, ch. xv. 48. Eccl. Hist. (Mosheim) vol. I, bk. i, cent. iii, part ii, ch. ii. 49. Dr. Mosheim in his Institutes of Ecclesiastical History states that next to the patriarchs were bishops called exarchs; but this his translator (Murdock) denies. Certain it is, however, that there were bishops who presided over several provinces, just as the civil exarchs did. These Mosheim may have considered as corresponding to the civil exarchs; while his translator insists that they were merely the "first metropolitans of the civil dioceses." The difference seems to be one of terms rather than of facts; but there is this to say in favor of the translator, that the bishops exercising jurisdiction over several provinces did not correspond to the number of civil exarchs. There was not an exarch bishop over each civil diocese, and perhaps this is the reason the learned translator objects to the term of ecclesiastical exarch. 50. In course of time the terms arch-bishop and metropolitan came to be used interchangeably. 51. Matt. xvi:19. 52. Irenaeus against Heresy, bk. III, ch. iii: 2, 3. 53. Matt. xvi:15-18. 54. St. John i:42. 55. The words of Christ to Peter, spoken in the vulgar language of the Jews, which our Lord made use of, were the same as if he had said in English: Thou art a rock, and upon this rock I will build my church. So that by the plain course of the words Peter is here declared to be the rock upon which the church was to be built.--Footnote in Douay Bible on these passages. 56. As if it read: "Flesh and blood hath not revealed it unto thee, but my Father which is in heaven; and I say unto thee, Peter, upon this principle I will build my church." 57. Matt. xxviii:18-20. 58. Milner's End of Religious Controversy--Letter xxviii. 59. Orson Pratt's Works, Divine Authenticity, No.3. 60. Milner's Church Hist. Vol. III, pp. 53, 69--note. 61. See Bossuet's Universal History, Vol. I, p. 558. J. Andrew Cramer, German translation. 62. See Eccl. Hist. (Mosheim) bk. III, part ii, ch. ii:6. 63. Eccl. Hist. (Mosheim) bk. III, part ii, ch. ii:11.