13. Hand of the Lord in the Establishment of the United States Government.--That the hand of Almighty God was in the work of founding the Government of the United States is plainly declared in one of the revelations to Joseph Smith: "It is not right that any man should be in bondage one to another. And for this purpose have I established the constitution of this land, by the hands of wise men whom I raised up unto this very purpose, and redeemed the land by the shedding of blood." (Doc. and Cov. sec. ci: 79, 80.) Nor are thoughtful historians blind to the fact that the hand of God has had much to do with those revolutions which finally produced the great republic of the New World. Commenting on the war of the American Revolution, Marcus Wilson says: "The expense of blood and treasure which this war cost England was enormous; nor, indeed, did her European antagonists suffer much less severely. The United States was the only country that could look to any beneficial results from the war, and these were obtained by a strong union of opposing motives and principles, unequalled in the annals of history. France and Spain, the arbitrary despots of the Old World, had stood forth as the protectors of an infant republic, and had combined, contrary to all the principles of their political faith, to establish the rising liberties of America. They seemed but as blind instruments in the hands of Providence, employed to aid in the founding of a nation which should cultivate those Republican virtues that were destined yet to regenerate the world upon the principles of universal intelligence, and eventually to overthrow the time-worn system of tyrannical usurpation of the few over the many." REVIEW. 1. Was the Reformation confined to Germany? 2. When did the Reformation first begin? 3. Who was the leader of the movement in Switzerland? 4. State what you can of the Reformation in Switzerland under Zwingle. 5. What fate befell the young Reformer? 6. State the chief difference in methods of work between Luther and Zwingle. (Note I.) 7. Who succeeded in the leadership of the Reformation in Switzerland? 8. Where and when was Calvin born? 9. State the points of difference in the views of Calvin and Zwingle. {272} 10. Describe the Presbyterian system of church government. 11. Give a sketch of the life and character of Calvin. (note 2.) 12. State the several views of the Reformers in respect to the eucharist. 13. What difference existed between Calvin and Zwingle on the subject of predestination? 14. What can you say of the spread of Calvin's doctrine? 15. Describe the Reformation in France. 16. What can you say of the persecution of the Protestants in France? (Note 3.) 17. Give a description of the massacre of St. Bartholomew's eve. 18. State what you can of the Reformation in Sweden. 19. Tell how the Reformation in Sweden was accomplished.