Among the ordinances were the following:--that Gaveston should be banished for ever;--that the new taxes on wool, cloth, and wine should be abolished;--that the king should not leave the kingdom, nor undertake war, without the consent of the _baronage_ in Parliament;--that all the great officers of the crown should be chosen with their assent;--and that parliaments should be held once a year, or twice if need be. 1312. Gaveston, who had retired to Flanders, returned. He was seized and executed on Blacklow Hill, near Warwick. Suppression of the order of Knights Templars. 1314. Edward invaded Scotland. =Bruce gained a splendid victory at= BANNOCKBURN (June 24). INDEPENDENCE OF SCOTLAND RE-ESTABLISHED. 1322. The earl of Lancaster, a prince of the blood, who had risen against the king and his second favourite, De Spenser, defeated at BOROUGHBRIDGE, in Yorkshire (March 16), and executed at Pomfret. 1327. Edward deposed by the influence of the queen and her favourite, Roger Mortimer. In this reign the assumption prevailed that no important business could be transacted without the sanction of parliament; and the House of Commons began the practice of coupling the grant of supplies with the redress of grievances. EDWARD III., of WINDSOR. =D.= He was the son of Edward II. =B.= at Windsor, 1312. =M.= Philippa, daughter of William, count of Hainault. =Dd.= at Shene (Richmond), June 21, 1377. =R.= 50-1/2 years (1327 to 1377). 1327. Parliament appointed a council of regency, at the head of which was Henry, earl of Lancaster; but all the real power was exercised by the queen and Mortimer. The Scots, under Bruce, invaded England; and Edward, in pursuing them, narrowly escaped capture. 1328. Peace concluded between the two countries, by which the =independence of Scotland was completely recognized=. 1329. Death of Robert Bruce, and accession of his son, David II. 1330. Mortimer seized by the king, condemned, and executed. Isabella confined to her castle at Risings. 1333. Edward supported Edward Baliol (son of John Baliol), in his attempt to obtain the crown of Scotland, and gained an important victory at HALIDON HILL (July 19). Berwick, which he had been besieging, surrendered the next day. 1339. =WAR WITH FRANCE.= Edward invaded France.