1632. Lord Wentworth appointed deputy of Ireland. 1633. Laud appointed archbishop of Canterbury. 1634. =Imposition of ship-money= on seaport towns. It was extended to inland towns in the following year. 1637. John Hampden having refused to pay ship-money, the legality of the tax was discussed before the judges, who decided in its favour. An attempt to introduce a book of canons and a liturgy in Scotland led to great disturbances. 1638. =The Scots drew up a covenant=, by which they pledged themselves to resist all innovations in religion. 1639. Charles determined to coerce the Scots, who assembled an army. Not having confidence in his forces, he agreed to an accommodation with the Scots, known as the ~Pacification of Berwick~. 1640. Fourth parliament assembled, and was soon dissolved, because it refused to grant money without a redress of grievances. The Scots invaded England, and defeated the royal vanguard at NEWBURN (Aug. 28). ~Treaty of Ripon~, by the terms of which the Scottish army was to abstain from all acts of hostility, on condition of receiving a weekly payment till the differences between them and the king were adjusted. =THE LONG PARLIAMENT= assembled (Nov. 3). The earl of Strafford (Lord Wentworth) impeached of high treason. 1641. A statute passed, enacting that _parliament should not be dissolved without its own consent_. Execution of the earl of Strafford. The Star Chamber, High Commission Court, and other arbitrary courts abolished. =Insurrection of the Catholics in Ireland=, and fearful excesses committed. The Commons drew up a REMONSTRANCE on the state of the nation. 1642. =Charles went to the House of Commons to arrest five members=--Pym, Hampden, Haselrig, Hollis, and Strode, whom, with Lord Kimbolton, he had charged with high treason; but he failed in his attempt, as the obnoxious members were designedly absent. _The parliament passed a bill for regulating the militia_, to which he refused his assent. The =CIVIL WAR=, or =GREAT REBELLION=: Charles raised his standard at Nottingham (Aug. 22). Indecisive battle at EDGEHILL, in Warwickshire (Oct. 23).