Cadiz, 148 Cæsar, Julius, 37, 38 Cæsarea, 48 Cairo, Kaliphate of, 128 school at, 134 Calendar, fixed, 96 Caligula, 55, 56, 57 Caorsini, 174 Carlovingian dynasty, 128 Caro, Joseph, 272 Carlyle, 251 Casimir, the Great, 277 Cassius, 37 Castile, Jews in, 137 Catherine, Queen, 317 Ceba, 275 Censorship, 270 Central Europe, 152 Cestius Gallus, 58 Charlemagne, 124 Charles, the Bald, 151, 161, 193 VI., 164 I., of England, 245, 249 II., 317 Chasidim, 18, 19 Chaucer, 168 Chazan, 185 Cherem, 315 Child-killing charge, 167, 330 Chilperic, 100 Choice of Pearls, 192 Chosroes I., 110 II., 112, 119 Christianity, 53 state-religion, 94 Christians, 53 Jewish, 75 New, 147 Christina of Sweden, 243 Chronicles, Saxon, 127, 165 Church, on Temple-mount, 96, 110 councils, 107, 108 Claudius, 57 Cleopatra, 41 Clotaire, 119 Code Napoléon, 302 Cohen, Lipman, 275 Isaac, 275 Coin-clipping charge, 178 Colerus, 265 Colleges, _see_ Schools Cologne, 158 Commentary on the Mishnah by Maimonides, 206 Conciliator, 241 Constantine, 95, 96 Constantinople, 99 Constantius, 96 Conversions to Christianity, 299, 320 Copernicus, 274 Copia Sullam, Sarah, 275 Cordova, Kaliphate of, 128 Jews in, 205 schools in, 132 Cossacks, massacre of Jews by, 278 Costa, Benj. Mendes da, 325 Crimea, 123 Cromwell, Oliver, 245 Crusades, 157 Cumberland, Richard, 327 Cuthea, 5 Cyrus, 2 Dagobert, 119 Daniel, 1 Danubian Provinces, 312 Darius, 6 David ben Maimon, 205 David ben Saccai, 189 Davids, Arthur Lumley, 330 Davis, Isr., 332 Deborah Ascarelli, 276 Demetrius, 23 Denmark, 311 Dessau, 284 Deutsch, Emanuel, 330 Dohm, 305 Dominicans, 267 Drusus, 55 Eardley, Lord, 321 Edward I., 176 Egidio di Viterbo, 268 Egypt, Jews in, 12 _sq._ Judea, ruled by the kings of, 14 Eleazar, 17 Eleazar, the Galilean, 72 Eleazar, the Maccabean, 22 Emancipation of the Jews in Austria, 310 Belgium, 311 Denmark, 311 England, 323, 329 France, 304, 306 Germany, 303 Greece, 311 Holland, 310 Lombardy, 309 Naples, 309 Rome, 309 Sicily, 309 Sweden, 311 Switzerland, 311 Tuscany, 309 United States, 313 Venice, 309 Emanuel, Ed., 331 Emmaus, 20 Ende, Van den, 258 Erasmus, 260 Essenes, 31, 103 Esther, Book of, 7 a poem, 275 Ethnarch, 78 Eugene, Prince, 275 Eugenius III., 159 Ezekiel, 1, 3 Ezra, the Scribe, 7, 8, 9, 10 Fagius, 269 Falashas, 313 Fano, 270 Ferdinand of Naples, 221 Ferdinand II. of Arragon, 146‒148 Ferdinand III., the Saint, 140 ‘Fountain of Life,’ 191 Frankel, Rabbi David, 285, 286 France, 100, 129, 161 Frankfort o. M., 219, 280 Franks, 100 Frederic Barbarossa, 164 Frederic III., 267 Frederic William IV., 303