Palestine, emigration to, 218 return to, 2, 4 settlements in, 314 Paris, 130 Parliamentary Oath Amendment Bill, 330 Parshandatha, 194 Parthians, 38, 78 Pass, Elias de, 324 Patriarch, 87 Paul of Tarsus, 54, 94 Pentateuch, 11 Pepys’ Diary, 317 Pereira brothers, 242 Persia, 2 war with Byzantine emperors, 110 Pesaro, 270 Peter of Arragon, 137, 198 the Cruel, 141 Petition of Manasseh ben Israel, 247 Pfefferkorn, Joseph, 219, 267 ‘Phædon,’ 293 Pharisees, 25, 26 Phasael, son of Antipater, 35, 38, 39 Philip II., Augustus, 162 IV., the Fair, 162, 216 Philip II., of Spain, 232 III., 240 son of Herod, 47, 55 Philippi, 38 Philo, 53, 57 Piyutim, 183 Poisoning wells, 163 Poland, Jews in, 276, 311 Pombal, 222 Pompey, 34, 37 Pontius Pilate, 52 Popes, 100, 108, 119, 140, 145, 146, 159, 160, 178 Portugal, Jews in, 137 expelled, 222 readmitted, 309 Prague, 281 Printing of Hebrew, 241, 269 Prophets, 11 Ptolemy I., 14 II., 14 IV., 14 Pumbaditha, 117, 124 Purim, 7 Rab, Rabbenu, Rabbi, 45 Raba, 194 Rachel, of Toledo, 139 Rambam, 194 Rashi, 193 _sq._ Ratisbon, 219 Reaction in Germany, 303 in Rome, 309 Recared, 100 Resh-gelutha, 79, 87, 117, 118 Reuchlin, Joh., 220, 267 Richard I., 168, 170, 207 of Cornwall, 175 Ritual, 12 Robespierre, 306 Roman alliance, 23 arbitration, 34 code, 101 games, 44 governors, 48, 57 policy, 17 Rome, Jews in, 33, 309 embassy to, 21 Rossi, Azariah de, 273 Rothschild, Baron Lionel de, 329 Roumania, 312 Rudolph of Hapsburg, 217 II., 281 Russell, Lord John, 329