Saadia, 126, 188, 189 Sabbath, enforced by Nehemiah, 10 Sabbatai Zevi, 226 _sqq._ Sadducees, 25 Sadok, 27 Saints, 102 Saladin, 207 Salerno, 130 Salome, sister of Herod, 42 Alexandra, 33 Salomons, Sir D., 329, 330 Samaritans, 5, 9, 25, 76 Samuel, Levi, 141 ibn Nagrela, 135 ibn Tibbon, 208 son of Manasseh ben Israel, 246 of Nehardea, 88, 109 Sanballat, 9 Sanhedrin, 36, 37, 49, 78 in Paris, 307 Saracens, 99, 116 Sarah Copia Sullam, 275 Saxon Chronicles, 127, 165 Schools, Jewish, 281 in Palestine, 93 in Babylon, 79, 109, 126, 152 Scriptures, Holy, 11 Seleucus, 15 Selichoth, 184 Sephardim, 116, 234 Sepphoris, 78 Septuagint, 13 Sermons in churches for Jews, 178 Severus, Julius, 80 Seville, riot in, 143 Inquisition, 148 Shadrach, 60 Shalmaneser, 2, 5 Shammai, 46 Shapor, king of Persia, 88 Sheba, queen of, 112 Sheloh, 271 Shemaiah, 38 Sherira, 126 Sicarii, 64 Simon, the Just, 15 the Maccabean, 23, 24 ben Jochai, 271 Nasi, 87 Stylites, 102 Sisebut, 119 Sixtus IV., 146 Slave-trade, 106, 107, 152 Smyrna, 226 Solomon Alkabez, 273 ibn Gabirol, 190, 193 Isaaci, 193 Solomon, King, 112 Soncino, Gerson, 270 Sopherim, 8 Sora or Sura, 87, 117, 124, 133 Spain, Jews in, 100, 118 expelled from, 148 returned to, 310 schools, 132 Spartans, 7 Spinoza, 254 _sqq._ Spires, 158, 159 Stephen, 166 Stepney, burial place in, 253 Strasburg, 158, 159 Stuarts, 317 Sunnah, 121 Sura, _see_ Sora Sweden, 311 Synagogue, Great, 15, 37 synagogue in London, 315, 319 Syria, 14 Talmud, 93, 162, 219 Talmudists, 123, 267 Tanaim, 8, 89 Tarichea, 62 Tedescos, 318 Temple destroyed by Nebuchadnezzar, 2 Titus, 68 plundered, 17, 38 rebuilt, 5 permission to rebuild, 98 heathen temple in its place, 80 church, 96, 110 mosque, 116 Theodores, Prof., 330 Theodosius, 99 Thermopylæ, 7 Tiberias, 78, 87, 215 Tiberius, 55 Titus, 58, 59, 66 _sqq._, 71 Toledo, 132, 137, 141 riot in, 138 Torquemada, Th., 148 Tortosa, disputation, 145 Toulouse, 130 Tractatus, Theol. Polit., 263 Trajan, 79 Trèves, massacre of Jews, 158 Trinity, 54, 94, 110 Triumvirate, 38 Tryphon, 23 United States, Jews in, 313 Uriel da Costa, 236 Usury, charge of, 154 Uziel, Rabbi Isaac, 240 Van den Ende, 258 Vandals, 99, 100 Venice, 220 Vespasian, 58, 59, 63 Vienna, 281 Vindiciæ Judæorum, 246, 253 translated into German, 293 Visigoths, 136 Vossius, Isaac, 243 Vries, De, 261 Walpole, Sir Robert, 321 William I., 127, 165, 166 II., 166 III., 318 IV., 324 William, St., of Norwich, 167 William the Silent, 232 Worms, 158, 194, 219 Xerxes, 7 York, 166, 169