Outlines of Lessons in Botany, Part I; from Seed to Leaf: For the Use of Teachers, or Mothers Studying with Their ChildrenMoore, Jane Newell
Science
Outlines of Lessons in Botany, Part I; from Seed to Leaf: For the Use of Teachers, or Mothers Studying with Their Children
Moore, Jane Newell
Botany -- Juvenile literature
Also the questions have brought out the fact that the Bean and Pea
have the plumule ready formed in the seed, while the Morning-Glory and
Sunflower have not. Why should this be? It is because there is so much
food stored in the first two that the plumule can develop before a root is
formed, while in the others there is only nourishment sufficient to enable
the plantlet to form its roots. These must make the second leaves by their
own labor.
3. _Comparison with other Dicotyledons_.--The pupils should now have other
seeds to compare with these four. Let them arrange Flax, Four o-clock,
Horsechestnut, Almond, Nasturtium, Maple-seeds, etc., under two heads.
_Seeds with the Food stored _Seeds with the Food stored
outside the plantlet in the embryo itself
(Albuminous)_. (Exalbuminous)_.
Flax. Four-o'clock. Acorn. Horsechestnut. Almond.
Morning-Glory. Maple. Sunflower. Squash.
Bean. Pea. Nasturtium.
They may also be divided into those with and without the plumule.
_Without Plumule_. _With Plumule_.
Flax. Maple. Sunflower. Acorn. Horsechestnut.
Four-o'clock. Almond. Bean. Pea.
Morning-Glory. Squash. Nasturtium.
Those with plumules will be seen to have the most abundant nourishment. In
many cases this is made use of by man.
These last can be again divided into those in which the cotyledons come up
into the air and those where they remain in the ground.
_In the Air_. _In the Ground_.
Bean. Almond. Squash. Acorn. Horsechestnut.
Pea. Nasturtium.
In the latter the cotyledons are so heavily gorged with nourishment that
they never become of any use as leaves. As Darwin points out, they have
a better chance of escaping destruction by animals by remaining in the
ground.
The cotyledons are very good illustrations of the different uses to which
a single organ may be put, and the thorough understanding of it will
prepare the pupils' minds for other metamorphoses, and for the theory that
all the various parts of a plant are modified forms of a very few members.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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